STUDENTS FROM WAYMARSH STATE COLLEGE PROTEST

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The following argument appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper "This past winter, 00 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 1,000 Waymarsh students evidently were not so concerned about their education they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state's college students than the protesters. Therefore, the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students."

Some of the basic concepts in statistics are population and sample. The term population refers to all measurements or observations of interest. For example, if we want to know the opinion of the students from Waymarsh State College about any particular subject, then the population consists of the opinion of all the students attending this college.

It is important to mention that the population is defined in terms of our desire for knowledge. Therefore, the population can be described as measurements or observations of the entire group or people about which information is desired. In this sense, in order to drive any observations from the population of students attending Waymarsh State College, we need to make sure that we are considering the entire population. Cheap Custom Essays on STUDENTS FROM WAYMARSH STATE COLLEGE PROTEST

The article mentioned that only 00 students traveled to the state capitol building to participate in the protest against the cuts in funding. From our point of view, it is not possible to drive any conclusions from a group of 00 students when the entire population is 1,000 students. 00 students represent less than % of the entire student population from Waymarsh State College.

Often, it is not feasible or possible to study an entire population. In such instances, we need to use samples. A sample is simply a part of the population. But, in order to be a useful sample, it must represent the entire population. A random sample is such a representative sample and it is determined completely by chance.

The local newspaper wrote that "The other 1,000 Waymarsh students evidently were not concerned about their education because they stayed on campus or left for winter break" rather than participated in the protest. It is a questionable sentence. There are multiple reasons that we could think about as why a larger group did not attend to the capitol building protest. For instance, just to mention some of them

• Was the protest meeting (time and place) well informed to the students? How?

• Was the purpose/objective of the protest well informed to the students? How?

• Is this the best season to make the protest? Winter time? Before a break?

If we are going to use information obtained from a sample to draw conclusions about a population, the sample must be representative of the entire population. The newspaper should have not made any conclusions about the students concerned about their education on the basis of a sample of 00 students.

A sample that is representative of the entire population is a random sample. One of the properties of a random sample is that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample group. However, it is not enough. Another necessary condition is that every sample should be equally likely to be selected.

Then, it seems that the newspaper was driving its conclusions not only on the basis of a sample size that was not representative of the entire student population but also on the basis of a sample that could not be considered as randomly selected. Based on these findings, it seems to me that the argument in this article was not well reasoned.

Another important point in the process of using the student attendance to drive conclusions a priory about their concerns is how the students responded to the call for the protest. Voluntary response sample, another statistics concept, is known by often over representing people with strong opinions. "A Denver newspaper that has a wide circulation in Colorado decided to conduct a survey regarding the question of whether grazing fees for use of public lands should be increased. Of the many people who responded, about 85% said, "No!" However, the results were misleading as an indicator of the opinions held by the population of all people in Colorado." (Brase/Brase) The people who responded the survey was self-selected people. Then, this sample consisted mainly of ranchers who felt strongly enough to make a point to the newspaper.

Data collected from voluntary responses can be useful and interesting. However, the information collected in such a way could be considered anecdotal in nature. It is questionable to generalize the results to the entire population. Again, when the newspaper used the voluntary student attendance to drive its argument about the lack of concerned from the entire student population it was doing so by generalizing the opinion of 1,000 students based on the voluntary response of only a sample of 00. It seems to me that argument in the article was neither well reasoned nor well documented.

When conclusions are driven by gathering data, whether the data is gathered by sampling, by experiment or by simulation, we should be careful about hidden bias. This means that in reality we are not actually measuring what we hoped to measure. For instance, asking college students if having on-campus rooms that are equipped with personal desktop computers before asking if they would approve an increase in room renting charges might bias student responses. From my point of view, the newspaper argument could have been hidden bias by the fact that no direct opinion from the students was mentioned. It is only the newspaper article writer's opinion which is again based on the observation of a not representative sample.

Perhaps, the article writer should have considered some additional details to make his argument more persuasive or to improve the process of driving his conclusion. I would suggest that the writer could have included details about the protest organization such as the reader could have some background information. Moreover, the opinion about some of the students that were not able to attend could have been used to illustrate why some students were able to attend and why some other could not. Finally, the writer should have not included recommendations to the state legislature about "not heed the appeals of the protesting students" based on observation of the protest participation only. It was not accurate but rather questionable.

Brase, Charles & Brase Corrinne (001). Understanding Basic Statistics. N.Y. Houghton Mifflin CO.

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