Risks of young women smoking

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Young Women Smoking

By Louise Eccles

Smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in women in the United States. Of the more than 140,000 women who die prematurely from tobacco-related illnesses each year, 80 percent began smoking while they were adolescents. Evidence demonstrates that young people who begin to use tobacco do not understand the nature of the addiction and, as a result, believe they will be able to avoid the harmful consequences of tobacco use. These adolescents do not realize the long-term effects of their actions.

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Smoking by Girls

Each day in the United Stated about 1,500 girls being smoking. Nearly all first use of tobacco occurs before high school graduation.

Since 11, cigarette smoking by adolescents has risen annually. The 15 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse estimates that 0 percent of youths aged 1-17 (4.5 million adolescents) were current smokers in 15. In 14, the rate was 18. percent.

Approximately 1 of 5 teenage girls now smoke.

Why Do Girls Smoke?

When most girls begin smoking, they are usually caught up in the moment, in the immediate experience of what appears to be a cool, adult, or even glamorous behavior. They are naive about the powerful addictive nature of nicotine, which, for some adolescents, takes hold after only a few cigarettes. For example

Combined 11 and 1 data from the National Health Interview Survey show that 76 percent of young women smokers ages 1 to 4 years say they feel dependent on cigarettes. Among those who had tried to quit smoking during the 1 months preceding the survey, 8 percent were unable to do so.

Health Effects of Smoking The Short-Term Effects of Smoking include

Nicotine Addiction. The younger an adolescent is when she begins to smoke, the more severe her level of nicotine addiction is likely to be.

Respiratory Problems. Cigarette smoking during childhood and adolescence causes an increase in cough and phlegm production, an increase in the number and severity of respiratory illnesses, decreased physical fitness, and potential retardation in the rate of lung growth and in the level of maximum lung function.

Coronary Artery Disease Smokers have early development of coronary artery disease and abnormal lipid levels, possible precursors of heart disease.

Dental Problems. Tobacco use by adolescents is associated with early signs of periodontal degeneration and with lesions in the mouth that can develop into oral cancers.

Mental Health Effects. Many adolescent smokers report mental health effects, such as nervousness and depression, and tend to engage in more high-risk behaviors than adolescents who do not smoke.

Health-Damaging Behaviors. Tobacco is associated with a range of health-damaging behaviors, including an increased risk of being involved in fights, engaging in high-risk sexual behavior, and using alcohol and other drugs.

Negative Effects on Quality of Life. Smoking affects a young womans quality of life - leading to bad breath, wrinkled skin, stained teeth, and other negative effects that influence how she looks and feels.

Long-Term Health Effects of Smoking Include

Cancer. Women who smoke have at least a 10 times greater likelihood of developing lung cancer than nonsmoking women. The increase in lung cancer among women parallels the increase in smoking in women over the past six decades. Between 160 and 10, the death rate from lung cancer among women increased by more than 400 percent, and the rate is continuing to increase. In 187, lung cancer surpassed breast cancer as the number one cause of cancer deaths among American women. In 15, lung cancer killed 6,000 women; of those deaths, 47,18 (76.1 percent) are attributable to smoking. In addition to lung cancer, tobacco use is a major risk factor for cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, bladder, and cervix.

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases. Cigarette smoking greatly increases a womans chance of developing cardiovascular diseases. Smoking by women in the United States is associated with almost as many deaths from heart disease as from lung cancer, more than 61,000 each year. A woman who smokes is two to six times more likely to suffer a heart attack than a nonsmoking woman, and the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked each day. The risk for cardiovascular disease also increases among young woman who both smoke and use oral contraceptives. In addition, smoking increases the risk of having a stroke. Each year, about 8,000 women die from strokes attributable to smoking. The risks for emphysema, bronchitis, and pneumonia are also increased among women who smoke.

Reproductive Health. Smoking may be damaging to womens reproductive health. It is associated with infertility, complications during pregnancy, and an earlier onset of menopause. The estimated 18 to 0 percent of pregnant women who smoke throughout their pregnancies subject themselves and their fetuses and newborns to significant health risks, including miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, low birth weight infants, and higher rates of infant mortality.

Childrens Health. Tobacco use by mothers can also adversely affect the health of their children. The risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) increases among infants who are exposed to intrauterine smoke and to secondhand smoke after pregnancy. A study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Emory University reports that smoking during pregnancy also increases the risk by 50 percent of having a child with mental retardation; this increased risk rises up to 85 percent among those who smoke a pack or more of cigarettes each day. The health of as many as 1 million children with asthma is worsened by exposure to secondhand smoke.

Gender Differences In The Effects Of Tobacco Use

Women appear to be more susceptible to the addictive properties of nicotine and have a slower metabolic clearance of nicotine from their bodies than do men.

Females appear to be more susceptible to the effects of tobacco carcinogens than males. Some studies have shown that smoking the same number of cigarettes, women have higher rates of lung cancer. Girls and women are significantly more likely than boys and men to feel dependent on cigarettes and more likely to report being unable to cut down on smoking.

Summary

Tobacco use by adolescent women is a public problem of enormous magnitude that exacts a tremendous cost on the health of our Nations youth today and tomorrow. The DHHS has made the prevention and control of tobacco use by adolescents a top priority and is developing effective strategies working with professional, academic, and community groups. The U.S. Public Health Services Office on Womens Health is committed to working together between Federal Government and private sector groups to increase public awareness and health professional attention to this critical public health problem.

The programs and activities in womens health of the U.S. Public Health Services Office on Womens Health, joined with initiatives being implemented across the agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services, are providing a solid foundation from which to implement meaningful policies and programs in womens health, including community-based prevention and treatment programs, research on womens health issues, delivery of targeted health care services, education and information dissemination, health care professional training in womens health issues, and fostering the advancement of women in the health professions and in research careers. Through a combination of leadership, creativity, and determination, DHHS is working to realize a healthier future for all women in the United States.

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