More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree?

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree?. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree? paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree?, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree? paper at affordable prices!

The controversy, as to what extent Germany played in determining the outbreak of the First World War, is one that has caused debate amongst prominent historians. The First World War was started by many underlying factors such as imperialism, nationalism and the forming of diplomatic alliances, culminating in the outbreak of hostilities on the 8th July 114. The question is were Germany the main instigators and purely to blame.

Europe at the beginning of the 0th century was rapidly changing, there were also many wars and ongoing battles being fought between rival imperial countries. An example of this is Russia expanding its country eastwards which led to the Russo-Japanese war in 104-105. There were also the two Moroccan crises of 105 and 111 respectively which helped sour relations between many of the imperial powers before 114. As they all had a desire for a place in the sun, countries like Germany, Britain, France and Holland. Also there were the two Balkan wars of 11 and 11 which further demonstrated the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and how it could be exploited and which strengthened the position of Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro the so called Balkan league within the Balkans. Austro-Hungary looked upon this with great uneasiness due to Serbia becoming more influential. Europe was also the centre of many new alliances being formed between former colonial rivals. Such as the Franco-Russian alliance formed in 18 which promised assistance of either power if being attacked by Germany. Similarly France and Britain settled their colonial differences in 104 and signed a treaty pledging their military support if attacked from another country, Germany looked upon this as a nightmare coalition and started there fears of encirclement. Germany also had a coalition they were called the central powers, Germany and Austro-Hungary they also pledged military support and also had very nationalistic ideas. They had theories of Social Darwinism the idea of survival of the fittest. Both countries were very expansionist and wanted a larger living space.

Austro-Hungary at this point and the Hapsburg Empire were faltering and Serbia as a sovereign state was becoming more powerful. Especially after the Belgrade coup of 10 which saw the leaders of Serbia become more militaristic as they aimed for a greater more powerful Serbia. Austro-Hungary feared that Serbia were becoming to strong and were looking to address the situation in the near future. Franz Duke Ferdinand the heir to the throne of Austro-Hungary however was very influential in stopping any military action towards Serbia or any other country in the Balkans. His assassination on the 8th June 114 in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip of the Black Hand terrorist organisation is stated as being the main reason for the war starting. However the incident is just the catalyst for a localised war being escalated into a world war, and it gave Austro-Hungary the excuse they needed to regain their controlling role over Serbia. After Ferdinand's assassination it took just six weeks for a localised dispute to turn into a world war.

There were six countries and many reasons why this localised conflict turned into a world war within six weeks. Austro-Hungary could be apportioned for the blame for starting the war due to the fact that they invited Germany to join the war if Russia intervened on behalf of Serbia which was more than likely. Austro-Hungary also just used the assassination as an excuse really to create a war with Serbia they were also willing to start another Balkan war. Since the begging of the 0th century Austria felt it necessary to eliminate Serbia as a political factor in the Balkans. They also sent an unacceptable ultimatum to Serbia stating that Austrian officials should be allowed onto Serbian soil they also declared war five days afterwards Austria were also the first country to declare war. However it has been stated that Austria used the war as a way to deflect attention from the faltering empire and the problems that they were facing within home soil. Serbia also could be labelled with some blame for the outbreak of hostilities. This is due to the fact that they had state sponsored terrorism and there are reports that the government knew about the assassination. The government also knew that their would be repercussions from this. Jon Lowe an historian agrees with this fact, there is also the fact that Serbia could have been more amenable with the demands of a more powerful country Austria. Serbia had also fomented trouble with Austria for years this may have been for the fact that they knew that had a world power like Russia for military support.

Do my essay on More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree? CHEAP !

"In 114 both Austria-Hungary and Serbia engaged in brinkmanship. Displaying great recklessness in a tense situation. In the view of some historians, the critical decisions were taken by the, rather than by Germany or Russia. In this sense, the 114 might be considered as the 'Third Balkan War'1

Russia, France and Britain in their own way must shoulder some of the blame also for the First World War. Russia in particular must take some of the blame. Due to the fact that they were the First of the great powers to mobilise even before Germany had declared war on them. This incensed the Germans and escalated the situation. The Russian leaders also failed and were unwilling to restrain the Slavs and told them to be defiant to Austrian demands which again dint help the situation. Russia also gave Serbia her military backing which gave Serbia confidence to reject parts of the ultimatum as Russia had the biggest army in the world. France played their part to in the hostilities as the hard long term feelings for revenge after the loss of Alsace �Lorraine after the Franco Prussian war which they wanted to get back off Germany, they also re-armed their military and gave Russia her military backing and offer of renewed support during the July crisis. All of these reasons further destroyed already weak relations with Germany and helped to bring about the outbreak of war. After the alliance of Britain to France it was seemingly impossible that Britain would stay out of the war, but they didn't necessarily have to get involved. Britain also should shoulder some of the blame as they could have acted and tried to restrain Russia and her war aims, they also had a naval commitment to France which they said they would uphold. Britain also had naval meetings with Russia which made Germany fear that their encirclement was complete. It was also not at all in Britain interests to let Germany start a war and invade neutral countries thus they can be apportioned some of the blame due to they could have been firmer with Germany and declared their intentions earlier.

"A blunt statement to Germany on the 6th July that Britain would intervene on the side of France might have deterred Bethmann-Hollweg from pushing Austria into her suicidal declaration of war on Serbia, but no specific warning was forthcoming form Grey until the th July.

These five countries played a part in the immediate and long term causes of the Great war, however their was one major underlying factor which escalated the war from a localised affair into a world one and that was Germany.

After the visit of Count Huyos on the 5th July 114 to Berlin seeking assurances of German support for military action the Kaiser told him that they could count on their full support, even if it meant that there was a probability of 0 per cent of a European war if Austro-Hungary took action against Serbia. Germany made many deliberate decisions which led to a world war. An example of this was the introduction of the Schlieffen plan which was endorsed in 105. A plan which states that the fight a war on two fronts always attacking France first and then Russia as it takes them longer to mobilise due to the size of the country. A plan of which they followed in 114, nine years after the plan had been introduced. Germany wanted war in 114 due to her fears of encirclement by the Triple Entente and the rising power of the Russian army which would have been at its strongest in 117. Germany also had problems on the home front fears of the rise of socialism which led the government to contemplate a war as a diversion. Germany also issued the blank cheque to Austro-Hungary and increasingly told Vienna to make her demands to Serbia strong so that there was no way that they could accept the terms. It has been argued by historians such as Beckett, Geiss and Wilson that Germany knew exactly what they were doing when it came to war, Germany wanted more colonial gains and there is evidence in the archives that a deliberate decision on war was taken in 114. "A moment so favourable from a military point of view might never occur again". German leaderships were intent on war and had no intention of keeping it localised and embarked on war with determination. German historians however argue that the war was a preventative war due to their encirclement even though there was no direct threat to Germany at that time. Germany also blocked many mediation attempts from the British foreign minister Lord Grey pleading with the German ambassador not to go to war. Arguably Germany could have stopped the war by not issuing support for Austria. It has also been stated that maybe Germany made many miscalculations where the war was concerned. The backing of Austria backfired on them it could be argued and also they had hope the Britain and Russia would stay neutral. It was also evident that there was panic throughout Berlin when conflict became inevitable, which may lead one to believe they weren't as intent on war as first thought. Germany and her leaders also had the idea of trying to make everybody else look like they were to blame for the war so they could get support from the people within Germany. They were constantly trying to blame Russia for the war starting. As they did not declare war on Russia, France and Britain until Russia began to mobilise on the th July. Germany also were led to believe that Britain would not enter the war due to the problems they had with the Irish home rule crisis.

Please note that this sample paper on More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree?, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on More than any other country Germany were most to blame for starting the First world war. Do you agree? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Management theory

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on management theory. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality management theory paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in management theory, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your management theory paper at affordable prices!

Taimur Ali Tiwana

478675

Management has been around since the dawn of civilization. In primitive societies everyone had to do labour. When we read that Pharaoh built the Pyramids, we know that in fact other people did that actual work, as these labourers cut, moved, and placed the stones. The first managers were to tell them what to do, to see what they did it, and to chastise those whose performance was unsatisfactory. Another example of Management in the ancient times is the Great Wall of China.

Management is vital in every type of organization. The duty of a manager is to set high standards by intelligently and efficiently leading its organization by adapting to new ways as required by the society. The 1st century has seen new types of organizations and new ways of doing business arise, so, too will there be new management trends, ideas, and techniques.

In the last three decades a large number of management theories and concepts were presented but the primary challenge to the previous bureaucratic management theories came from the successful Japanese business culture, which sent shockwaves through Western business thinking in the 170's.

An organization may have more than one manager who have special concerns that may be at the highest and the lowest level and set long term goals and sometimes are involved in the day to day activity of the business. Managers try to accomplish their objectives in the shortest period of time and in an organized manner. They have to make instant decisions and inability to cope with change in result in disastrous consequences including not only financial loss but also the loss of organizational reputation. Wise managers having acumen apply the best current thinking and strategy.

Organizations in today's global environment operate dynamically. Introduction of sophisticated new economies, technological advancements and competition from emerging nations, all contribute significantly in making most organizations unstable and volatile. For organizations to continue keeping that upper hand in the market and maintain their stability, they need to manage change and be innovate. External environment outside organizational boundaries influence how the organization operates and how and what it produces, consequently it plays a major role in shaping manager's actions.

Due to the increasing rate at which the change in the environment is occurring the managers are not sure about the outcomes of their decisions, as the outcomes of changes are hard to identify. Managers are held responsible for the slow down and the speed up of the business as they are the strategy makers and it is his or her responsibility to get much better work for the working staff and to take care of the assets and possessions of the organization.

Technological, Economic, and Socio-culture are significantly changing the way management is conducted these days and are the powerful levers for influencing the field of management to take it to a new and higher level.

Technological effects

The speed at which improvements in technology have occurred is increasing at an ever-expanding rate. Its effect on management is reduction in costs of doing business and saving valuable time.

Over 100 years ago standard for general merchandise marketing for managers was through catalogs, but during this 100 years technology has completely changed the way management is conducted. Technology has affected managers in every field and has reduced the cost of input. With new technologies managers find new ways to transfer resources into a product or service, using new materials, new methods, machines and techniques. Technology helps produce cheaper, faster and better and in a way helps companies to prosper.

Technological dimensions are the methods available for converting resources into products or services, which includes improved information technology and more efficient operating systems. Managers study the impact of technology in practice and are the basis for improvements in its application and help to improve the strategic effects of investment in technology.

Today managers have found new ways of communicating through telephone, fax, Emails, SMS, web-collaboration, Document Management, IP Telephony, e-business systems and through many other means. Internet has facilitated managers today with much greater access to the information, who now can sort and process information faster and is able to communicate with others without any difficulty. They can connect their computers and telecommunication devices into an integrated system. For example a manager of a stock exchange company will have up to second information about his company which definitely will help him make his job easier and well-organized. Computers have revolutionized the way management is done these days. Hardware devices like Disk Drives, which stores large amounts of Data are commonly used and eliminate the hassle of bookkeeping and manual record keeping as it is easier to capture, manipulate, store, and share information. Devices like Scanners, Video Input Devices and computer programmes like AutoCAD, Microsoft word, Microsoft Excel and other managerial tools have taken management to a new level and have changed the way business is managed. The use of Mobile phone has connected every personnel of an organization anywhere they are. Electronic communication systems reduce the effect of distance and allow one-way conversation when the planned recipient is not available.

Managers must have up to date and latest information about the domestic and international market to cope with technological changes as failure to do so may wipe out certain organizations from the marketplace. They must use the proper work techniques and latest means to get their job done effectively.

"Applications of computer and communications technology have revolutionized the way most business professionals work and play essential roles in the way businesses compete. The personal impacts starts with the personal productivity tools such as word processors and spreadsheets that have become essential for everyday office work. Communication tools such as voice mail, electronic mail, cellular telephones, and pagers have made communication so much more immediate that people in fast-moving firms sometimes feel overwhelmed with the amount of communication they receive."

(Alter,S. 1,rd edition, Information Systems, a management perspective,p.6).

Technology helps produce cheaper, faster and better and assists companies to prosper, but due to technological changes some managers are faced with many implications to their IT decisions that the managers of yesterday were not involved in. As Technology improves at an ever faster rate and the market drives prices lower, power higher and Technology as a whole further, managers are forced with increasingly more difficult decisions as technological innovations effects are unforeseeable. A company's strategic and secret information stored in the computers can be hacked by its rivals or can be used by the unauthorised personnel in an illicit way. Data error can also create a panic in an organization. Combating these difficulties can be made more manageable, and accomplished by being aware of the implications and being abreast of the technology available at any given time.

Managers face serious competitive challenges due to the rapid rate and unpredictability of technological advances. Managers have to be innovative with their ideas and decisions in order to keep floating in the market. So Companies that survive and prosper are those whose management is able to guide the process of change so that the organization makes the necessary adaptations in the face of altering conditions of technological improvements. So managers try to satisfy the customer groups it is targeting, by technologies it use and the functions it performs in serving the target market.

Economics affects

Economic changes have played a major part in shaping current management practices and are significantly changing the way management is being conducted. Economy is the financial strength of a country. Managers always keep in mind the economy of the region where they are operating business and set the price of their products accordingly. Many firms engage in price discrimination when selling their products and in a way maximize their profits. They charge more prices from the buyers who can afford the product at a high price and low price for their customers who cannot buy it at higher price. For example fast food giant McDonalds realise price discrimination by charging relatively low in low economy countries like Afghanistan and charging more in the more developed countries like North America and Europe. In this way firms increase their sales and revenues with the expense of slightly high marginal cost for the extra units sold.

Recession, unemployment rate, rate of investment, deregulation of the banking industry, rapid rise and fall of oil prices, variations in the inflation rate, floating exchange rates are some of the economic factors. Consumer buying power in the country where the economy is low and people are on low income cannot afford to buy luxurious products and it would not be sensible to offer such a product in large quantities in that region for a firm. For example a luxury car making company like Mercedes or BMW would probably not yield any profit if it starts making cars in some low economy country. The fundamental task of management is to mediate in establishing good relationship between economic environment and the organization and how these economic factors could affect the company's long and short-term goals. In order to hold a competitive edge in the marketplace, managers must be aware of the economic transitions at the national level and as well as globally. They must have correct strategies to cope with the changing conditions of the economy of the country to keep the business going even in a sluggish economy.

"No organization can afford to ignore the effects of global economic and political forces on its activity. The rise of low-cost foreign competitors, the development of new technology that can erode a company's competitive advantage, and the failure to exploit low-cost sources of input abroad can all doom an organization that does not change and adapt to the realities of the global marketplace"

(M.G Jennifer, R.J Gareth, 00,rd edition, "Organizational Behaviour", p.647.)

When inflation takes place in the country the currency depreciates and organizations realise higher costs of input due to the higher salaries they pay to their workers and labourers and increase in prices of the resources uses to make the product as was the case of Brazil during the late 1880s and early 10s.To solve this organizations had to cut down other costs and adjust their operations due to the poor economy of the country.

A decrease in the real wealth of the individuals of a country will result in decreased number of buyers of the product and therefore less demand of the goods the firms make and in turn the firms have to react by cutting on the prices so that they can at least generate the cost price of the product or in some cases firms will sell at below cost in order to avoid a total loss.

The firms should keep in mind the rules and regulations of the country they are operating in, as the government may be imposing restrictions and price ceilings by which the company may be in danger of inflicting losses.

A healthy Economy is absolutely vital for an organization to gain economic profits and to be successful. Managers should be prepared for the unexpected changes in the economic conditions of the country they are operating in if they are to continue running their business successfully.

The incident of 11th September 001 has brought great change in the economic world. Many major companies had to shut down their business and one such popular company was Ansett Australia that went out of business.

So, If Organizations are to survive in the long-term, managers must learn how to create organizational architectures that can be at once, centralized and decentralized, small and large, local and global i.e. ambidextrous.

Managers cannot operate independently and be isolated and must be informed about the global and domestic changes taking place.

Please note that this sample paper on management theory is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on management theory, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on management theory will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Queen Elizabeth came to be known as one of the greatest rulers of the English empire. Under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, a more efficient government was created. The church was unified, the English empire was expanded, and language, literature, and theater flourished to a greatness that would be impossible for almost any other period of English history, or any other European empire, for that matter, to match. Although there was a great rise in literature,it was theater that catapulted to greatness during Elizabeths reign. Out of Elizabeths era came Elizabethan theater. Elizabethan theater has such a variety of topics, that would make it virtually impossible to talk about in ten pages. The focal point of this paper will be on Queen Elizabeths contributions to theater as well as her favor to Children of Pauls, or Pauls Boys (a Boy Company) and the Queens Men and Lord Chamberlains Men (two Adult Companies). Prior to Elizabeths reign, those members of the Tutor family enjoyed entertainment consisting mainly of court tournaments. Within these court tournaments bear baiting was the most popular event. Although Elizabeth found this hugely diverting, theater was her entertainment of choice, for Elizabeth found such cruel spectacles...an unattractive feature of the age (Somerset 67). However, regardless of her opinion, countrymen saw nothing wrong with bear baiting, and continued the event. Even though Elizabeth was a great lover of theater, that does not mean that theater, was not put down routinely. The Puritans found Elizabeths interest in theater to be utterly reprehensible, actors to be a contemptible breed, and the theaters that they performed in nothing more than brothels (Somerset 68). But throughout Elizabeths forty-five year reign, she protected and uplifted the adult and boy companies, when enemies from the clergy and sometimes the council sought to put them down (Clunes 7). To the Queens interest, some six to ten plays were given every winter at court and she saw many others when in progress throughout the country or while attending weddings or banquets in London.(Clunes 7) Within time, Elizabeth was awarding more performances in court. That is one of the ways Elizabeth helped the theater arts to florish. The more performances that were given, the more theater became popular, and the more the people of England wanted to see it. The Companies During the Elizabethan Era many things emerged. Amongst them was the creation of Adult Companies. Approximately twenty-four Adult Companies were developed. (The Count Intruders, The Earl of Leicesters men, Lord Richs Men, Lord Abergavennys Men, The Earl of Sussexs Men, Sir Robert Lanes Men, The Earl of Lincolns (Lord Clintons) Men, The Earl of Warwicks Men, The Earl of Oxfords Men, The Earl of Essexs Men, Lord Vauxs Men Lord Berkeleys Men, the Earl of Arundels Men, The earl of Hertfords Men, Mr. Evelyns Men, The Earl of Derbys Men (Lord Stranges) Men, The Earl of Pembrokes Men, The Lord Admirals (Lord Howards, Earl of Nottinghams), Prince Henrys, and Elector Palatines Men, The Lord Chamberlains Men (Lord Hunsdons) and Kings Men, The Earl of Wostersters and Queen Annes Men, The Duke of Lennoxs Men, The Duke of Yorks (Prince Charless) Men, and The Lady Elizabeths Men) But even before Adult companies, there were approximately eleven Boy companies. ( Children of Pauls, Children of the Chapel and the Queens Revels, Children of Windsor, Children of the Kings Revels, Children of Bristol, Westminister School, Eton College, Merchant Taylors School, The Earl of Leicesters Boys, The Earl of Oxfords Boys, Mr. Stanleys Boys) These two umbrella catagories would be the main source of theatrical entertainment. When Elizabeth took the throne, boy companies were very much in existance. The boy companies had a very recognized place in the theatrical world, since the middle ages (Hillebrand ). Watching the boy companies perform became her favored pastime during the first ten years of her reign. The majority of performances awarded by the queen were given by the boy companies; between 1558 and 1576 the queen awarded seventy-eight performances. Out of those seventy-eight performances forty-six went to boy companies and only went to adult companies. Out of those forty-six performances, twenty-one of those were given by Elizabeths favored boy company, the Children of Pauls. This was all do to the great leadership of Sebastian Westcott. Sebastian was made master of the song school in 1560 (Chambers 1). Little is known of his earlier life, but throughout his tenure as director of Pauls Boys, they were to perform no less than twenty-seven times at court between 1560 and 158. The boys performances, though enjoyed by the queen, would come under great scrutiny from Puritan preachers. In a pamphlet attacking a specific boys, group the writer unknown stated plays will never be suppressed while her majestys unfledged minions flaunt it in silks and satins... These pretty upstart youths profane the Lords day by the Lascivious withering of their tender limbs and gorgeous decking of their apparel in feigning bawdy fables gathered from idolatrous heathen poets (Pg 68 Somerset). These were sentiments shared by many Puritans but that was not to stop many of the court appearances. The Pauls Boys would go on to perform such pieces as The Bugbears (a translation from the Greek of Euripides, by Lady Lumley), Error, Titus and Gisippus, The Marriage of Mind and Measure, Scipio Africanus, and Cupid and Psyche. Westcott Died in 158, which would start the downfall of the Pauls Boys. They would change masters three more times and give less and less performances at court. The next septennial period, 158-0, would witness the extinction, for a decade or more, of the boy companies. It is stated that the ultimate success of the professional organizations may largely have been due to their employment of such university witts as Marlowe, Peele, Greene, Lodge and Nashe.(Chambers 5) The adult Companies were no better liked than the Boy Companies. In many instances Elizabeth was called upon to intervene with royal rule. For example in 1574, Elizabeth was annoyed to hear that the city fathers had turned down a request from the Leicesters Men that they might be permitted to perform in recognized places in London (Somerset 68). Without much reservation, she overturned the city fathers decision and issued the Leicesters Men a license allowing them to use, exercise and occupy the art and faculty of playing...stage plays...as well for the recreation of our loving subjects, as well as for our solace and pleasure (Somerset 6). This was not the only instance where royal intervention took place. Another illustration of the queens backing of theatrical events took place in 158. A scaffold had collapsed in one of the tournament games, causing eight deaths. The city authorities then used this as an excuse to close all playhouses in the interest of public safety (Somerset 6). This would start a formation of Adult companies by the queen and wealthy nobleman. Ater being taken in by wealthy nobleman and the queen, adult companies were assured protection from puritan city authorities. During the period of the 1580s, the Queens Men would become the most famous of all Adult companies. Not only were they wearing her livery, the twelve hand-picked actors were considered to be the best in the profession (Chambers 10). They were sworn in as her servants and were able to commence in doing what they did best, entertaining the queen and her court. The Queens Men was the main attraction at court. During the Queens Mens theatrical life, they would tour throughout England; no group drew a larger crowd than the Queens men. They would travel to places like Canterbury, Cinque Ports, Southampton, the Welsh boarder, and the Yorkshire hills in Airedale (McMillin MacLean ). They would also go on to perform many plays including The Famous Victories of Henry the Fifth, Phillyda and Corin, Felix and Philiomena, King Leire, Selimus, The True Tragedy of Richard III, Peeles Old Wives Tale, and many more. (Chambers 114) But what made the company a favorite besides the point that it was the Queens company, was actor Richard Tarlton. Richard Tarlton was considered to be a comic genius (Somerset 6) Through Tarltons acting, the Queens Men would be even more popular. He pleased everyone; it is said that just his appearance would send the audience into uncontrollable laughter (Somerset 70). But he pleased no one more than the queen, (McMillin and MacLean xiii). Tarlton was not considered a dramatic actor; his talents ran more to jigs and themes (Chambers vol. II 10). When Richard Tarlton died in 1588, the Queens Men began an irreversible decline. Their fall was unforeseen. In 150-1 they gave four Court plays to two by their rivals; in 151- they gave one, and their rivals six (Chambers vol. II 6). The Queens Men were reduced to forming a coalition with the lord Sussexs men (Chambers vol. II 6). After the decline of The Queens Men, it was the Chamberlains Men who were favored more than any other Adult performing company at Queen Elizabeths Court; It is The Chamberlains Men who made the English history play count in the 150s (McMillin and MacLean xiv). It is rather complicated to try and explain the history of the Chamberlains Men. Henry Carey was the first Lord Hunsdon and patron of Hunsdons men, and The Hunsdons Men existed from 1564 to 1567. Henry Carey then accepted office as Lord Chamberlain in 1585, and took under his patronage The Lord Chamberlains Men. After the Death of their first patron, his son George Carey, the nd Hunsdon took on the job as patron and again changed the name to Hunsdons Men. When the office of Chamberlain was offered to him, George again changed the name back to Lord Chamberlains Men. The Chamberlains Men were housed in the theater known as the Newington Butts and for a short time at the Cross Keys Inn. They later relocated to The Theater and when The Theater was dismantled , the troupe was rehoused in the Globe Theater. The Chamberlains Men were not only housed in The Globe, but the principle men of the troupe, Richard and Cuthberg Burbage, Pope, Phillips, Heminges, Kempe, and Shakespeare, designed and built it, paid for the leased land that the theater sat upon, and ran the theater. It was said that from a dramatists and actors viewpoint...oustandingly the most attractive playhouse in London (Thomson 18). They would go on to perform shows written by Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker, and shows written together by Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher. The group put on such plays as Othello, Henry V, The Merchant of Venice, Macbeth, King Lear, Measure for Measure, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Anthony & Cleopatra, The Fair Maid of Bristow and many, many more. Though they performed plays by other playwrights, it was Shakespeare who was their principle playwright. Though we may have lost many documents from the period of Elizabeth, or may not have found all documentaion, we mantained enough to see, if not immensely, a little bit of the profound effect Queen Elizabeth had on the arts. If Elizabeth had not meddled in the affairs of the arts Elizabethan Theater may not have had such a lasting affect on following generations. She not only stood up for and protected professional acting troupes, she influenced and helped popularize the backing of Adult companies by pulling in wealthy citizens and convencing them to take on Adult companies in their name, offering them protection and finacial backing. Through her help and the support of her council we can enjoy Elizabethan theater and theater in general for years to come.

Please note that this sample paper on Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Queen Elizabeths effect on theatre will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play?

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play?. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play? paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play?, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play? paper at affordable prices!

An Inspector calls is a play with a moral. The writer's main cause of writing the play was to teach the people around him how he thinks the world should act. He does this by using the inspector to express all of his ideas and thoughts through the way in which he 'teaches' the Birlings their wrongs. His main concern was the idea of responsibility, that everybody should look after everybody around him and not shut them out of their own lives and only concern about their own. The inspector is the teacher. Mr. and Mrs. Birling are the pupils who do not want to listen and learn. Sheila and Eric are both the ones who think about what they have done and change, the pupils that learn and change for a better good.

Sheila (to Mr. And Mrs. Birling) "If you want to know, its you two who are being childish, trying not to face the facts!"

Priestley wanted to show that you could change and learn. He wanted many people to respect his views that a society can only function if everybody looks after each other, to learn from past mistakes and change to become a better person. He used the time to reflect on how people can change. He set it in the past, before the war in 11 to show that the war changed things and that it was a turning point in time, where everybody can finally forget the past where they may have been selfish.

The year 145 was an important date for the time when it was written. The war had subsided and left a trail of learning and regret behind them, by Priestley writing at this time that he could affect those who would not have listened in the past. After the war people beliefs had changed and they were looking for people to look up too and learn from their views. When they are feeling this way the play will affect them more and change many people's views. The play affects by showing different sides of the characters, this evolves into he fact that the play is very emotive and affecting on the audience. The fact that you see the characters evolve as the play goes on lets you relate with the characters and understand their point of view. The play turns into a soap drama, as some of the things put forward are unbelievable, that so many things could relate, but you want to believe them and think that they could happen to you. This affects in the way that people see what the other people go through and never want that to happen to them so they change into the better person.

Various dramatic devices are used to influence the audience. These are used to make the audience relate with the characters and allow them to feel what they are feeling. To create suspense and allow the audience to take and believe the message in the story. To show that Mr. and Mrs. Birling are not right in their views, that everybody does not have to look after each other. Dramatic irony is used to show that that they themselves are wrong too.

"Birling The Titanic, she sails next week … every luxury, and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable."

This allows the audience to see that Mr. Birling is not right with what he says and it makes them grow a picture of what his mind is thinking and they can see it is wrong so they automatically think over everything he says to identify the truth in it. This is also shown with the two younger characters, who question Mr. Birlings views, this makes the audience trust them more as characters. Mr. Birling also tells about how much nonsense community is and how is should be abolished. This is the total opposite of the message of the play. This is signified by the entrance of the inspector as soon as Mr. Birling finishes his speech on 'every man for himself'

"Community and all that nonsense …a man has to look after himself and his own, and…"

"We heart a sharp ring of a front door bell."

As the inspector enters the lighting changes form a pink and intimate scene to a hard, harsh lighting situation after the inspector is present. This has a reaction format he audience because it signifies a point of change in the play. A break up of the family starts to appear after that point. The intimate situation is quickly changed to a more questioning and suspicious environment. The comfortable condition of the lighting before the inspector enters signifies that they were just settling down to the stage where the slightest things could catch them out. As soon as the conditions are changed shows how unnerved the characters are that the inspector is here, interfering with their peaceful organized lives.

The ring of the doorbell signifies the start of this change. It throws the Birlings off track; it is not a part of their scheduled lives so they are automatically disturbed by it. This effects the audience in the sense that they want to see what is about to happen. It creates a certain amount of suspense. It also announces the introduction of a new character. The inspector.

This affects the other characters greatly. Mr. Birling instantly tries to show the inspector that he is the man of the house, to try and make the inspector believe that. He tries to show the inspector all his assessments, name dropping, effectively trying to out do him. However the inspector is not interested. This surprises Mr. Birling. Especially when the inspector counteracts him and when the Inspector challenges his role of the dominant male in the house, Birling gets very angry.

"Birling Nothing to do with you Sheila, now run along."

"Inspector No wait a minute Miss Birling"

This immediately makes Mr. Birling very angry as he is being challenged for the first time, for his dominant status in the household. Slowly the Inspector is turning into the more dominant and respectable male in the house. The two younger characters instantly respect the inspector because they don't show any resistance against him in questioning. Unlike Mr. and Mrs. Birling they take up the message he is trying to put across and try to respect it, not just dismiss it out of principal. However they still all feel intimidated with a higher-powered figure in their household. Mr. Birling knows that the inspector has a higher status but he won't accept it.

Many of the characters exit at certain points in the play to make it more interesting. Just as the inspector comes to the point in which he is questioning Gerald, he leaves so Sheila can explain to Gerald that the inspector is a powerful figure and will just break down barriers if they are put in front of him. If Gerald started lying to him then he would just break down to the truth and put Gerald in a worse position. This lets the audience see how the inspector influences the characters, that the younger ones are admitting what they feel and that Mr. and Mrs. Birling just keep it locked inside them. Gerald is at the stage where he does not know which path to take, so this exit of the inspector allows Sheila to try and bring him to the level where he admits that he has done wrong. That he will listen to the message that Priestley is trying to show. This lets the plot generate into something more interesting because you can see how somebody is confused and does not know which path to take, this instantly becomes a point for the audience to watch so they can see what will happen to him, it creates suspense in the plot. At the end of this talk Sheila and Gerald have the inspector enters and says, "Well?" This shows that he purposefully left them. So that they could learn from themselves the message he is trying to give. Also the absence of Mrs. Birling during the opening parts of the play allows her to come in later and still be in a confident mood, when everybody else is regretting what they have done. This makes the play less boring and keeps the audience tense at all times and keeps them watching with interest.

The end of act one is a small cliffhanger. It ends with the inspector entering after Sheila and Gerald have had the talk about how the inspector will just break down any walls they try to build up around themselves. This leaves the audience tense and on the 'edge of their seats' waiting to see what Gerald will say to the inspector. This is good because the audience is not kept bored when the act ends. They have things to think about, to contemplate and discuss. This is always better because the different audience members can show their different viewpoints to each other straight away, as soon as the act ends. This leaves everybody with anticipation to see what will happen further into the play, so they can see if they were right if their viewpoints towards the play were relevant. All in all it keeps the audience interested. The irony used at the end symbolises that most of at one is actually ironic in retrospect.

The irony used helps the audience decipher what kind of play it is. That it is a drama that requires thinking about. People only realise that most of act one is ironic if they actually think about what has been shown so far. They realise that Mr. Birling has been talking about how every man should look after himself and nobody else, then the inspector has come in and shown that he is wrong. The audience only realises this if they think about what the inspector is actually trying to tell the Birlings. This makes the audience think about the message more, that they can learn from it.

Language used is to break up the family. The younger two have more relaxed speech; they are not so posh as Mr. or Mrs. Birling. It breaks up the social class in the family again showing how one side of the family takes the message one way, also how the younger half take the message in the way Priestley wants them too. Devices are used so you become friendlier with Sheila and Gerald than you do with the two older adults. These devices are shown through many ways, including the language, where Mr. and Mrs. Birling would be too upper class for you to respect and listen too.

"Mrs. Birling I don't suppose we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class…" "Sheila Mother don't … for your own sake"

Through all of these devices Priestley's message can be shown to the audience. The main way to show this is through the way in which the inspector influences the younger characters. You slowly come to respect the three younger characters a lot more that the older two characters. From the start you look at the Birlings as an upper class family who are just enjoying a good night together. As soon as the inspector enters they both spilt into two different sections. The younger ones who listen, and the older ones who don't. Your opinion changes rapidly of Mrs. Birling as she is shown to be the most upper class person there, with a slight disgust at her attitudes towards other people who do not have the same social status as her. Mr. Birling is not as upper class, but as you see how his attitudes are towards treating lower class in the workplace you come to take a disliking to him also. With Sheila and Eric you become more respectful, as you transfer your respect you had for the older Birlings to them. They admit what they have done is wrong and are distraught by it. They instantly get a sympathy factor from the audience as Mr. and Mrs. Birling doesn't. This involves the audience in what he is trying to say. They become more in touch with the emotions of Sheila and Eric, as they have not built a wall around them and what they feel. You can relate to them well. With Mr. and Mrs. Birling you cannot see through the wall around them and do not know what to think about them. You cannot relate as well as you would like, so you come to dislike them. These devices are all used to show what the playwright's message is. That every one of us is in a link with every body else. Anything we do in life affects those around us, even if we don't realise this. This message is put across well to the audience in the above methods. The several methods mean that the message will make sense to more people. Where in some areas somebody does not see a message, in the same area some people might. This lets the writer reach the majority of people watching the play. This can still be seen to today as a relevant message. As not everybody is perfect and still people continue to hurt one another, maybe without realizing it. Some people do things to others that they think is a joke, but to the other person it could be hell. Some people don't realize that they are hurting the other. This ties in with the message that Priestley is trying to show, that you can hurt somebody without realising it. Even without fully knowing somebody you can hurt them, even if you don't mean too.

Please note that this sample paper on In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play?, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH'

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH'. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH' paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH', therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH' paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! The following is a report on the Movie Jinnah. Which is based on the life of our national hero, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Topics given below show the brief description about him, Making of the movie, its reasons and impacts.

HISTORY

Who was Jinnah?

Do my essay on THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH' CHEAP !

Quaiq-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a great advocate of Hinu Muslim unity. He was of the opinion that both Hindus and Muslims should make joint efforts to get rid of British rules and domination. Jinnah was a national hero of Pakistan-- a state visualized by the Muslims of the Indian sub-continent. Muhmmad Ali Jinnah was a champion of freedom for Indian people, the Hindus and the Muslims. He tried his utmost to give guidance to the Indians to work untidily to attain freedom from the colonial rule of the British. He even joined the Indian congress as a member to attain the common goal. The Hindu leadership did not feel equally conscious of equal rights of the Muslims and the Hindus.

Jinnah was not an anti-Indian. Jinnah was neither anti-Indian nor was it derogatory of Indian political leaders. He had tried his best to become an ambassador of peace between Hindus and Muslims. The Hindu leadership acted in his own interest and did not give proper assurance to the Muslims for equal rights in the liberated India after the British left. Jinnah was a staunch believer of Two Nation theory and considered the Muslims as a separate and distinct nation.

What was the condition of Muslims of that time?

The Muslims of the sub-continent were not aware of the real danger of their minority position in the democratic setup dominated by the majority of Hindus. The Hindus were not prepared to give the proper safe guards to the Muslim community. Many meetings were held to bridge the gulf between the two communities through various contracts but to no purpose.

What was the need of that time. The Muslims needed a leadership to protect their interests. A man of strong will power with a clear vision of his mission could only take the disorganized Muslim community to equal partnership in the government. In the sub-continent through various methods an effort was made by the Muslim leaders to convince the Hindu leadership to give a proper assurance for Muslim rights in the constitutional arrangements. Separate homelands for both the communities was the only solution to keep peace between both the communities which had existed side by side but with clear differences in their ways of life. Even one thousand years of rule by the mughal dynasty could not wipe out the strong sentiments of being two different communities.

Leadership of Muslims was not available. All the Muslim leaders and intellectuals gave their full support to Muhammad Ali Jinnah to create unity amongst all the Muslims of the sub-continent. It was a willing surrender of their local interests for the betterment of the Muslims of sub-continent. They found in Muhammad Ali Jinnah their Quaid-e-Azam.

Making of Jinnah

The film Jinnah depicts the man and leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah who created Pakistan. The film has been completed after the hard work of several months and it could yet be an image boost for Pakistan.

Theme of the film

The film is about the life and struggle of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. It tells the extraordinary story of how India was partitioned, the final intrigue and the debates between Viceroy Lord Mountbatten, Jinnah, Gandhi, Nehru and the merciful lady Edwina Mountbatten. It also shows the clash between Jinnah and Jawaharlal Nehru, leader of Indias Congress party, who went on to rule India. Jinnah has highlighted the relationship between the Mountbattens and Nehru, particularly the special relationship between Edwina Mountbatten and Nehru. It is not shown in bad taste; it is the crux of the film because it is a vital part of history. Jinnah chronicles the journey taken by the young idealist Jinnah as he realize that his dream of freeing the people of India from foreign rule is being tempered and twisted by the realities and cruelties of politics. It is a story of a practical visionary. Who knew that on his word hung the future of a nation and who knew, too, that such a birth meant a division, of a country and of his own family, since his only daughter had married an Indian and would remain in India.

The story. It was 147. When India gained its independence. The British colonial territory into India (largely Hindu) and Pakistan (majority Muslim). It was a painful process and is accompanied by blood shed. A year after, Mohammad Ali Jinnah realized his dream, begun to succumb to the illness that had dogged him for some time. Towards the end, the film story shows Muhammad Ali Jinnah laying weak and sick on his bed. He feels awfully introspective and a host of happy and sad memories over him. He rushed to the hospital and when the ambulance stalls on the highway, his life begins to ebb. In this coma Jinnah relives the triumphs and disappointments of his life, the drama of his ideals, his romance, his happiness and the tragic death of his young wife.

Total budget on making

The makers of the Jinnah didn't have a monster budget. It didn't have government funding. The film completed at a cost of .5 million pounds in 18 months.

Production and Direction

The script of Jinnah was written by; anti-Islamic author Salman Rushdie, Directed by Jamil Delvi and Produced by Prof. Akber S Ahmed who is also the co-writer of Jinnah.

Shooting the Jinnah

The film was shot in the locations of Pakistan, India and United Kingdom.

Actors performed in Jinnah

So many actors from Pakistan, India and United Kingdom performed in Jinnah.

The character of Jinnah. The character of Jinnah has Perform by renowned actor, Christopher Lee.

Other characters. James Fox and Maria Aitken play the British viceroy Lord Louis Mountbatten and his wife Edwina. Indian film star Shahsi Kapoor as a narrator takes Jinnah back through his tumultuous career in a series of flashbacks. His character has been used as a device to link and narrate the story of Quaid-e-Azam, who at the beginning of the movie shown as being rushed in an ambulance from Mauripur air force base.

Troubles in the making of Jinnah

Trouble first arose when Akber Ahmed homed in on Christopher Lee to play the main role in the film. The Pakistani Government, which had agreed to provide $ 1 million ($ 1.6 million) towards the project, withdrew the offer, as it was unhappy over Lees choice, since he was well known the world over for his celluloid portrayal of Bram Stockers Dracula. However, the producer Akber Ahmed decided to go ahead with the film, somehow managing the finances, as he felt no one else could do justice to the role. But the worse was yet to come. When the film was completed after 18 months and screened in Pakistan, the Nawaz Sharif government felt it was pro-Indian and glorified the Indian leaders, and promptly banned it. Former Bharatiya Janta Party leader Madhu Deolekar said that the film highlights atrocities on Muslims during Partition, while there are hardly any scenes of atrocities on Hindus. Morover Jinnah has been painted as a hero which cannot be accepted by Indians. He also felt that the film must not be released in India as it will reopen old wounds and cause and hatred between communities. However, Krishna Gamre, a friend of producer Akber Ahmed, says that how can the film be anti-Indian when Pakistan government openly stated that the film is pro-Indian and even banned it?

World wide premiere

The film Jinnah released in Los Angeles and some theatres in London where it received a good response. On Dec 6, the film Jinnah shown in Cairo International Film festival was inferior to the success won earlier by the film Gandhi. Many chosen films have been shown in an international film festival that is reported to be registering considerable success. Out of these, a film carried the title Jinnah.

Dubbing the film

The film is being dubbed in various languages. According to plans, films Urdu version will be released for general public, in Pakistan, early next year.

Reasons of making the Jinnah

Rejection of the false image of Jinnah at the international level

One of the most important reasons of making the movie on Jinnah is to reject the false image of him at the international level. It is a harsh reality that in the West, Jinnah is almost a non-entity. In their eyes, he comes second to Gandhi who is stereotyped as the non-violent cult figure who wove his own clothes, led peaceful marches and ultimately won India its independence. For nearly two decades, Pakistanis cried foul play over the false depiction of Jinnah but nobody did nothing about it. Movie Jinnah should be lauded as an effort to put Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the world map.

Paucity of filmed material on Jinnah

There was no filmed material on our national hero, Jinnah. A film of this kind was being expected for years after the film Gandhi, proved to be highly successful.

Documentation on international hero

Several references to important events in Hindu Muslim relations have brought out the fact that Jinnah possessed extra ordinary leadership qualities to force the mighty rulers to give a fair deal to the Muslims of the sub-continent. No other international hero of the status can be quoted who gave his community so much benefit through his intellectual superiority and strong resolve. A man of his vision and extra ordinary accomplishment can hardly be found. This film shall remain a testimony to his superior leadership of a community who stood disarrayed and disadvantaged in the event of their freedom from foreign rulers.

Impact of the movie

The movie has brought the personality of M A Jinnah for the proper understanding by the world community. It was his wisdom, which brought an end to the centuries old bitterness between the Hindus and Muslims of sub-continent. Only by remaining confined of their geographical boundaries, their daily quarrels and feuds be limited to their own confines. A united India could never find a peaceful period free of Hindu Muslim conflicts. The film portages a hard reality of Partition of Indian sub-continent, which was the best solution to end their centuries old hostilities. The present day attitude of India towards Pakistan is a testimony to the fact that Hindus cannot accept Muslims as equal neighbors. It is a plain fact that partition was inevitable. Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was right in his judgements and his beliefs about the two nation theory.

Correcting the image of Jinnah

Mohammad Ali jinnah was politically wide awake and his contribution as a father of a nation stands acknowledge by the entire world. The riots that took place after partition only acknowledge his right vision of the Hindu Muslim relationship in India. The centuries old hatred manifested itself at the time of partition. The riots cannot in any way disprove any of his judgmental acts.

Popularizing national hero to children and other film goers

Through this film, the younger generation will be passed on their heritage; the story must be, and has been, preserved.

International understanding about Jinnah

This film has cleared the mist of misunderstanding of jinnahs achievements as a Muslim leader. A study of the movement for creation of Pakistan is now gaining attention of international communities. Creation of Pakistan is a miracle achieved through peaceful methods of negotiation and without usual methods of aggression against other countries

Creating national pride

Pakistan is standing on the map of the world by the grace of the Almighty. Its present day condition only creates our further resolve to make it a fort for Muslims of the world. Difficulties are bound to vanish with the passage of time. Pakistanis are proud that they had the father of the nation in the person of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, our greatest leader. This movie has given us a clear understanding of sound judgement of our great Quaid to create a separate homeland for Muslims. Only he had the vision to see through the tactics of mutual reconciliation by the Hindu political leaders.

Summary

Movie Jinnah is based on the life of our great leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah who created Pakistan after the hard struggle. Jinnah tell us the story of how India partitioned. The film completed at a cost of .5 million dollars and shot in the locations of Pakistan, India and United Kingdom. The main role, Jinnah is Perform by Christopher Lee. Other actors are taken from the above mentioned countries. There were many troubles for producer, Akber S Ahmed to make this film but after his hard struggle, he succeeded in making Jinnah, the film is released in Europe and soon it will be released in Pakistan. The film will be dubbed in various languages. Reasons for making the Jinnah was to reject the false image of Jinnah at the international level and there was paucity of filmed material and documentation on our national hero. The impact of Jinnah will be positive. The story of Jinnah has been preserved for the next generation. Through Jinnah, national pride will also be created.

Please note that this sample paper on THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH' is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH', we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on THE MAKING OF MOVIE 'JINNAH' will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time.

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time. paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time. paper at affordable prices!

William Shakespeare wrote The Taming of the Shrew around 156, during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-160). Shakespeare lived at a time where ideas and social structure established in the Middle Ages still informed man's thought and behaviour. For example, Queen Elizabeth I was God's anointed one on earth, and the lords and commons had their due place in society under her. These beliefs in turn obviously influenced Shakespeare's writing. I believe that when these social ideas and political influences are explored fully, a play such as The Taming of the Shrew can be shown and indeed understood, in its proper perspective.

The Taming of the Shrew falls into the category of Shakespeare's early comedies; others included are The Comedy of Errors (c.158-4) and The Merry Wives of Windsor (c.157-1601). They are comedies of intrigue, fast moving, often farcical and place a high premium on wit. On the whole, they were meant to be performed in front of a general audience rather than for the court. Although, some critics suggest that the Taming of the Shrew, at least, was performed for Queen Elizabeth.

The Taming of the Shrew includes many themes social rank, disguise/appearance, education and clothing the overriding theme however is concerned with the discipline of an independent, headstrong woman. This main plot is in places quite farfetched and almost farcical, a popular and accepted form of writing in the Elizabethan period. The common man appreciated such a technique, as the action of a farce is often boisterous, over powering and also often provides for good visual humour. After all the common man did not always go to the theatre to see real life, as Shakespeare appreciated, but rather to join a land of fancy which farce plays could provide. As Chambers (1) comments

"The people of Elizabethan London did not go to watch the play, but be part of it."

Farcical elements within in the play include, the Vincentio scenario in Act V Scene I. In this scene, both the Merchant and Vincentio claim to be Lucentio's father imagine two grown men arguing over their identity

M 'Thou liest. His father is come from Mantua and here looking out the window'

V 'Art thou his father?'

M 'Ay sir, so his mother says, if I may believe her … lay hands on the villain'

V ' Come hither you rogue …'.

The wedding between Katherina and Petruchio also provides farce-like elements. Petruchio is described as, 'A monster, a very monster in apparel'. Petruchio swears so loudly during the ceremony that the priest drops his book and then he goes on to hit the priest, 'This mad-brained bridegroom took him such a cuff…'. It should be understood however, that unlike original farces, which provide little character development, Shakespeare manages to give individual personalities to his lead characters Katherina and Petruchio. For example as Hillegass (1) states

"Katherina … is more than merely a Shrew; to a certain degree, she is made an object of sympathy …"

Shakespeare also depicts a shrew transformed without physical violence, therefore maintaining a higher level of comedy than in a traditional farce of pre-Elizabethan times.

Elizabeth I was described by one historian as 'A woman ruler in a patriarchal world'. Despite the fact that Elizabeth succeeded to the throne after her half sister Mary I died (155-58), there remained a traditional, widespread belief that men were naturally endowed with authority, and women were intellectually and morally unfit to govern. According to Greenblatt (180), men saw themselves as "rational beings; they saw women as creatures likely to be dominated by impulse and passion. Gentlemen were trained in eloquence and the arts of war; gentlewomen were urged to keep silent and attend to their needlework." The Taming of the Shrew's time and customs can therefore be seen as approximately those of Shakespeare's own era. It should be understood, of course, that Shakespeare shrewdly wrote for the publics taste. As Gay (18) mentions

"Shakespeare did not have any fancy notions, he listened to what the public said, and he was quick to detect changes in taste",

showing how society influenced Shakespeare's work. After all he was a practical man who had to make a living from his writing, so it would have been unwise to write totally against the public's beliefs and thoughts. Katherina, therefore, is portrayed as impulsive, erratic and as being ruled by her mood swings. Whereas Petruchio, provides the stereotypical Sixteenth Century man; he appears rough, noisy, powerful and unfeeling. For example, Act II Scene I, marks Katherina and Petruchio's first meeting, where Petruchio proclaims

' Thus in plain terms …

Will you, nill you, I will marry you

For I am he born to tame you.'

In the Elizabethan period, men believed that once married a woman was their own property and all rights were surrendered to them. Shakespeare conveys this line of thought on many occasions throughout the play, most prominently in Act III Scene II just after Petruchio and Kate's wedding. He exclaims

'I will be master of what is mine own.

She is my goods, my chattels; she is my house,

My household stuff, my field, my barn,

My horse, my ox, my ass, my everything …'

I believe, Elizabeth I's decision to remain single was partly due to an unwillingness to compromise her power, not only as Queen but as an independent woman as she herself is recorded as saying

"I will have but one mistress here and no master!"

However, although Shakespeare does include these typical Sixteenth Century characteristics within Petruchio, it must be stressed that Shakespeare's Petruchio does in fact possess two internal levels. He also appears patient, caring, understanding and intelligent. His behaviour seems unreasonable at first, but I believe he simply acts the lunatic lovingly for the sake of Kate. He teaches her through bitter experience how annoying and painful her nature can be to others. For example, Act IV Scene I

'Thus I have politically begun my reign …

She ate no meat today nor none shall she eat;

Last night she slept not, nor tonight she shall not …

This is a way to kill a wife with kindness.'

He therefore assumes a role to tame and transform Katherina into the wife he desires.

It should also be mentioned that although Shakespeare does present the accepted Sixteenth Century idea that in a marriage the man was the master; he also presents the theme of women being the one with the real power, or certainly equal (a more recent idea). Something most men of Shakespeare's era would have strongly denied. In Act V Scene II, a bet is placed between three of the men, Petruchio, Lucentio and Hortensio as to who has the most obedient wife

'Let's each one send unto his wife,

And he whose wife is most obedient …

Shall win the wager …'

Bianca and the widow, 'sit conferring by the parlour fire', when asked to attend, showing a lack of regard for their husbands, and when Lucentio chides Bianca she retaliates by saying, 'The more fool you for laying on my duty'. Surely, not the words of a Sixteenth Century noblewomen besotted with her new husband?

It could be argued however that Shakespeare does bring the tradition of Sixteenth Century marriage back in the play with Kate's final speech (Act III Scene II). Katherina remarks

'Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper …

I am ashamed that women are so simple

To offer war where they should kneel for peace'

However much controversy does surround this speech. At first an audience might think that Kate is completely subservient. However, it could be argued that Kate is basically just saying that a wife owes a husband obedience because he is her protector. Or perhaps it could be interpreted as ironic that Kate is merely playing a role, in order to fool the audience and other characters. Either way, it should be noted that Shakespeare therefore does not always present the conventional beliefs of Elizabethan England in The Taming of the Shrew.

The Taming of the Shrew is also largely concerned with the idea of disguise and false appearances, either with or without the aid of physical disguise. During the Sixteenth Century the European continental Masque travelled to Tudor England, where it became a court entertainment for the king, Henry VIII (150-47). The Masque was an entertainment in which disguised participants staged an elaborate lyrical drama, designed to be complimentary to the noble or royal host of the social gathering. During Elizabeth's reign the Masque provided a vehicle for compliments paid to the Queen at her palace and during her summer tours throughout England. Gorgeous costumes, spectacular scenery (with elaborate machinery to move it on and off stage), and rich allegorical verse marked the English Masque. It can therefore be suggested that the disguise elements of the popular Masque entertainments influenced Shakespeare's writing of The Taming of the Shrew. As early as Act I Scene I Shakespeare introduces this theme. Lucentio (a nobleman and eventual suitor of Bianca) and Tranio (his personal servant) swap roles, as servant and master, by exchanging their clothes

'Thou shalt be master, Tranio, in my stead;

Keep house and port and servants as I should.

I will some other be some Florentine …'

in order to allow Lucentio to woo Bianca as a school teacher, rather than as a suitor. Hortensio, (a nobleman and friend of Baptista, Bianca's father) also physically disguises himself as Litio, a music teacher, in order to also woo Bianca without anyone recognising him. The disguising of characters also allows for good visual humour and again farce-like elements, as everything is so exaggerated. This type of comic irony was popular with the people of Elizabethan London.

Shakespeare entwines the main plot (Kate and Petruchio) of The Taming of the Shrew, with a sub-plot (Bianca and Lucentio) a popular style of writing. The sub-plot is based on the Italian comedy of intrigue, as Hilegass (18) comments

" … it is a comedy of situation, … type characters … the elderly father who is deceived by his child and suitor; the elderly suitor or pantaloon; and the ingenious suitor aided by a witty servant."

I believe the cross-sections of Shakespeare's audiences would have been satisfied with the play because it had such a sub-plot. The sub-plot allowed the opportunity for types of characters and action entirely different from the main theme and this appealed to many. Shakespeare belonged to a society, which longed to be romantic and poetic, and Shakespeare bases this sub-plot on such Elizabethan ideals. For example in Act I Scene I Lucentio cries

'I burn! I pine, I perish, Tranio

If I achieve not this young modest girl'

The Elizabethan Period was one of extravagance and excesses, and I believe that this influenced Shakespeare's writing of The Taming of the Shrew. Its extravagant nature was seen in the higher stratas of society dress, manners and speech which were rich, elaborate and ornate. There existed an emphasis on personal belongings and external image. Elizabeth I and her court always dressed lavishly, and took pride in their possessions. According to Greenblatt (180)

" Her passion for dress was bound up with political calculation and an acute self-consciousness about her image."

The importance that Elizabethan's placed on image and clothing, is explored extensively throughout the play. Most prominently in Act IV Scene III, where it plays a large place in Kate's taming process. Petruchio calls for a tailor and haberdasher, when the tailor produces a dress it offends Petruchio

'O mercy God! What masking stuff is this?

What's this a sleeve? 'Tis like a demi-cannon!'

Kate obviously remarks that she never saw a 'better fashioned gown'. Petruchio tells the tailor to take the dress away, and therefore uses the cap and gown to force Kate into submission. Kate is very aware of her personal image, like all Elizabethan noblewomen. In his final speech of this scene Petruchio notes that clothing does not make the man. 'Honour' he comments 'peereth in the meanest habit'. Perhaps he is referring to the good, which lives in Kate beneath the mean habit of ill-temper. Whatever the meaning, Shakespeare is commenting on his fellow Elizabethan man and telling his audience that clothes/appearance do not make the man, despite the Elizabethans reliance on them that such thoughts can be deceiving.

The Taming of the Shrew is full of social rituals banquets, weddings, discussions of dowries, shopping and education. The latter, is explored throughout the play, from a female perspective (it is used as an opportunity to woo Bianca), which is unusual because traditionally women of the Sixteenth Century were not fully educated, as one would expect today. Despite this, Bianca is educated by two tutors (although not professional) Baptista comments 'She's apt to learn'. I should think that it probably seemed strange to Shakespeare's Elizabethan audience that a young female should be educated to such a degree, as many would have been uneducated themselves. But, he probably managed to escape criticism because it was the only 'realistic' way the two suitors could befriend Bianca without recognition. Queen Elizabeth I's rigorous education was renowned however, she received teaching normally only reserved for male heirs; consisting of history, classical languages, rhetoric and moral philosophy. Therefore, perhaps with this in mind, it would have been more acceptable to Elizabethan society.

I have tried to establish the social and political circumstances of the Elizabethan period, which might have influenced Shakespeare's writing of The Taming of the Shrew. By observing popular, accepted techniques such as farce, the idea of Elizabethan London being 'a man's world', the wonderful and elaborate Masques held at court and other influences, I have tried to show how Shakespeare's writing was fully connected with his surroundings, and therefore also allow for better understanding of the text. It should be emphasised however that although Shakespeare was strongly influenced by the social and political standards of his era, as previously stated, he does include elements in this play that are almost post-Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century. For example; the prominent disobedience of the wives in Act V (and of course Kate throughout), the theme of female education. Like all great writers some of Shakespeare's ideas/themes were ahead of his time.

I believe that the relationship between the text and the social and political influences of its time have been fully explored that although it can be seen that Shakespeare was influenced by such factors; there exists suggestive hints that he was also just as capable of disregarding such influences when required.

Please note that this sample paper on Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time., we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Critically analyse and discuss the relationship of 'The Taming of the Shrew' to the wider Social and Political influences of its time. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West paper at affordable prices!

Far too often, movies are thrown into easily provided categories known as genres and therefore are forced to follow a certain level of guidelines required of the genre. It is this quality of the genre which provides for a very static and unoriginal library of films within the genre. It is the opinion of the author that good movies should be all encompassing and therefore would not be susceptible to the generalizations of a genre. Prior to writing this I encountered this problem with a movie called The Big Lebowski written, produced, and directed by the Joel and Ethan Coen. In the video store the movie was categorized as a comedy, however, after watching it multiple times it became painfully obvious that it was so much more than just a comedy. The Big Lebowski is a movie about the modern West and the changes in the West since the Western era, and how they have changed the ideals and principles of the genre.

Genre is composed of elements of a film which collectively provides a generalization of the film. Those elements of a Western are easily mapped out by Thomas Schatz in his essay, Film Genre and the Genre Film, "plot development is effectively displaced by setting and character (Braudy 650)." The setting and character of a Western are the crucial elements that make it a Western. First and foremost is setting. The Big Lebowski is set within Los Angeles. The first sentence of the film begins, "Way out west…" thus getting the audience immediately immersed in the idea that this is a western. The very establishing thought you should have when you first begin to watch this movie is that it is a Western and should be viewed as such. The setting of Los Angeles is the epitome of the modern West and is the social epicenter of the Western hemisphere. Secondly and perhaps more importantly is the character. The main character is the Dude, also known as Jeff Lebowski, but prefers to be referred to as the Dude.

For an authority on the subject of the Western hero and the attributes that make him so unique, I consulted Robert Warshows essay, The Westerner. As I began to read the first quality of a Western hero to enter into my view was "a figure of repose (655)." The Western hero is a very relaxed and leisurely individual who makes sudden moves for no man. The Dude is most certainly an ideal representation of the quintessential Western hero, he does not have a job, does not dress up, does not know what day of the week it is, etc. With that under my belt, I was able to classify The Big Lebowski as a Western and went back for more information on the Western genre.

Being that Westerns are all about the setting and character, the issues in which Westerns delve into are also concern that of the setting and character. Schatz goes on to point out the general themes and "fundamental issues" pertaining to a Western, "taming of the frontier, the celebration of the hero's rugged individualism, the hero's conflicts with the frontier community, etc. (64)." All of which apply too perfectly to ignore the connection to the Western genre. The taming of the frontier is that of Los Angeles. Throughout his dealings with the briefcase and all the players involved in the kidnapping, the dude uses the city of Los Angeles to it's complete resources and as a member of the community, embodies it's qualities and meshes perfectly with its ideals and principles.

As far as the Dudes celebration of individualism, he lives and travels alone, with the exception of bowling, the Dude rarely resides within a group of individuals, and is overall comfortable with his solitary situation. The Dude is happy with where he is in life and if it were not for the initial urinating on the rug, the conflict would have never arose. However, it did, and the Dude simply wanted compensation for the rug that was urinated upon, nothing more, than what was due to him. The Dude also has an abundance of conflict with members of the Los Angeles community, the list begins with the Big Lebowski in Pasadena and the kidnapping issues, Jackie Treehorn in Malibu and his outstanding loans from Lebowski's wife bunny, Maude Lebowski and the withdraw of $1 million dollars from the Little Lebowski Urban Achiever foundation, the chief of Police of Malibu, Larry Centers the kid who stole the Dudes car, etc. The conflict within the general Los Angeles community is an ever-growing list for the Dude.

As stated before, the Dude himself is a representation of what Los Angeles has become and the drastic change from a hundred years before when Westerns were set. The changes are drastic, however, the hero still retains his Westerner qualities. For instance, the Westerner is said to be the problem solver and "the man-in the middle, mediating the forces of order and anarchy, yet separate from each (647)." The Dude is the man in the middle of the whole conflict spreading from the fake kidnapping to the conception of Maude's child, the Dude is in the middle of it all. He is working for the Big Lebowski delivering the money, trying to recover the money for both Maude Lebowski as well as Jackie Treehorn, and fighting off threatening Nileists. However, through it all, the Dude has no real connection to the case with the exception of his rug.

The Westerner is always a man of tranquility and peaceful nature; however, his somber mood is not on account of a harsh situation thrust upon him, but rather through his own contempt (647). His somber mood, stems from a higher level of understanding of life and his particular situation as opposed to pity for his place in life. Likewise, the Dude is also very content with his position in life and the way things are going. He is not employed but never mentions that as a problem or something to be ashamed of. The people in his community and practically everyone who opposes him, seems to mention it as an issue against his character but the Dude does not view unemployment in that way. Both the Chief of Police of Malibu and the Big Lebowski both refer to the Dude as a Bum and see his unemployment as a drain upon society immediately generalizing him as the movie was generalized as a comedy. However, lets examine the value of a job in the Western. In old Westerns, the issue of a job or income was not generally brought up, however, the change in values and the society as a whole has lead to the employment dependent community of Los Angeles and the corrupt modern world.

Love is an element of human life which is widely used throughout the film community and in all types of stories. The Westerner never goes looking for love, but rather deals with the women that fall at his lap. There are generally two women in the Western hero's life, the good wholesome women he is to marry, and the well-strong independent barroom girl. As a Gentleman the Westerner will not go against his nature and attempt to woo a woman as most hero's would, but rather the Westerner is involved in situation where "love is at best an irrelevance (655)".

The Big Lebowski brings attention to this element of the Western through the Maude Lebowski character. She is a very independent, feminist, artists, who wants a child from the Dude. Maude represents both of the women in the Westerners life by first and foremost, providing the strong will, sex loving, feminist, to the story and secondly coming a family with the Dude by conceiving his child. The Love might not be as genuine as in the Westerns of old, but that simply reflects the constant alterations of the genre. The values of the community bring forth a different situation and for the audience to reevaluate their perception of the Western and what it represents. Love is never the main theme of a Western and usually serves as a compliment to the action and just another obstacle for the Westerner to conquer. The Westerner is not completely in sync with his female counterparts that is part of the reason for conflict. The women the Westerner confronts generally ensue a "clash of cultures" and thus a breakdown in communication. Through these elements the Westerner is able to control and manipulate the audience and his female counterparts into solving both situations and having everything work out his way in the end.

When he is not by himself or his special lady, the Western hero can be found playing a game of leisure. In the Westerns of old, the Westerner played poker while drinking, a game of skill, leisure, and whit. Warshow explains that poker "expresses perfectly his talent for remaining relaxed and in the midst of tension (656)." The game is an extension of his character and his proficient skill in the game allows for a display of his authority and position in the community. The Dude on the other hand, chooses the game of bowling for his sport of leisure. Although the game asks from some form of physical walking and throwing of a heavy ball, the leisurely nature of bowling fits perfectly within the scheme of the Western. The bowling has now transcended into the poker game of the nineties. No longer are saloons available for gambling on every corner, instead people spend money and enter a league to keep games regular. The method is very different but the principles of the game remain the same to the Western hero. The game is one of leisure, in which drinks are served and skill is tested.

The Western hero is never employed by a structured economy but rather fends for himself on the open prairie. The constant flow of income is not necessary for he himself to survive and provide for himself, instead he survives through other methods of self employment. As stated earlier, the Dude is unemployed and takes pride in the fact that he does not work and is content with that. However, he does accept the opportunity for some outside employment with the Big Lebowski, Maude Lebowski, and Jackie Treehorn too. However, Warshow argues "it is not because he needs to make a living (656)" but rather that the Dude has more noble intentions than that.

The essence of the Western hero however, lies in his selflessness and his dedication to honor and justice. The Western hero exemplifies the American ideal of what a man should be and what exactly he should strive to accomplish. Perhaps even revealing a male fantasy of what the ideal American man is and associating him with the progressive West. The West and the idea of manifest destiny, bring about the connection from the goal for America to progress across North America and it ideally expanding from coast to coast. The same connection can be made with the idea of the Western hero. The Westerner was the ideal model for a man both for men to strive towards and for women to look for in a man, strong, quiet, level headed, and powerful.

The Dude on the other hand is not an ideal model for today's men to emulate and it remains doubtful that women look for unemployed marijuana smokers who bowl for fun in a league. Leading to the obvious conclusion that the cinema no longer provides the audience with positive figures from which to emulate but rather the rebels and criminals which run the crime world and further extend our fascination with crime, drugs, and money. That is the world in which the Dude leads us into even though he is not himself a member.

The Dude is not a member of this crime community because he has higher standards for himself and sustains his high level content nature. He is a noble man, however, his standards do not always agree with that of the common community regardless if he represents them or not. The true essence of the Western hero is his selfless nature only geared towards protecting his stature and personal value. Warshow, touches on this fact and adds that "his tragedy lies in the fact that even this circumscribed demand cannot be fully realized", the other characters in the film, and at times the audience, does not realize the nobility which lies within the Western hero. This realization comes to the audience when what "we respond to is not his victory but his defeat (660)." This point is illustrated beautifully in the death of Donny.

At the end of the movie, the character of Donny dies of a heart attack and although the Dude has already solved the mystery and squared himself with all parties, in essence came out on top, he takes a devastating blow with Donny. However, after Donny dies we see the Dude back where we expect him, in the bowling alley ordering a beer. It becomes obvious to the audience at this point that the Dude chooses this life for himself, he uses this lifestyle to compensate for the chaos and inconsistency of the outside world.

Whether it is the Western genre or any other for that matter, the qualities which once shaped the film might at some point have to be revised do to time. The values and

ethics reflected within the communities these films represent are in constant danger of evolution and thus the film industry must comply. The Dude is a representation of what the west has become and perhaps embodies the true essence of the modern West. Braudy, Leo and Marshall Coen, Film Theory and Criticism.

Oxford University Press, New York, 1.

The Big Lebowski. Dir. Joel Coen. Perf. Jeff Bridges, John Goodman, Julianne Moore, Steve Buscemi, David Huddleston, and John Turturro. Polygram, 18.

Please note that this sample paper on The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on The Big Lebowski: A Representation of the New West will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!