In act one of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B.Priestley use the dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play?

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An Inspector calls is a play with a moral. The writer's main cause of writing the play was to teach the people around him how he thinks the world should act. He does this by using the inspector to express all of his ideas and thoughts through the way in which he 'teaches' the Birlings their wrongs. His main concern was the idea of responsibility, that everybody should look after everybody around him and not shut them out of their own lives and only concern about their own. The inspector is the teacher. Mr. and Mrs. Birling are the pupils who do not want to listen and learn. Sheila and Eric are both the ones who think about what they have done and change, the pupils that learn and change for a better good.

Sheila (to Mr. And Mrs. Birling) "If you want to know, its you two who are being childish, trying not to face the facts!"

Priestley wanted to show that you could change and learn. He wanted many people to respect his views that a society can only function if everybody looks after each other, to learn from past mistakes and change to become a better person. He used the time to reflect on how people can change. He set it in the past, before the war in 11 to show that the war changed things and that it was a turning point in time, where everybody can finally forget the past where they may have been selfish.

The year 145 was an important date for the time when it was written. The war had subsided and left a trail of learning and regret behind them, by Priestley writing at this time that he could affect those who would not have listened in the past. After the war people beliefs had changed and they were looking for people to look up too and learn from their views. When they are feeling this way the play will affect them more and change many people's views. The play affects by showing different sides of the characters, this evolves into he fact that the play is very emotive and affecting on the audience. The fact that you see the characters evolve as the play goes on lets you relate with the characters and understand their point of view. The play turns into a soap drama, as some of the things put forward are unbelievable, that so many things could relate, but you want to believe them and think that they could happen to you. This affects in the way that people see what the other people go through and never want that to happen to them so they change into the better person.

Various dramatic devices are used to influence the audience. These are used to make the audience relate with the characters and allow them to feel what they are feeling. To create suspense and allow the audience to take and believe the message in the story. To show that Mr. and Mrs. Birling are not right in their views, that everybody does not have to look after each other. Dramatic irony is used to show that that they themselves are wrong too.

"Birling The Titanic, she sails next week … every luxury, and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable."

This allows the audience to see that Mr. Birling is not right with what he says and it makes them grow a picture of what his mind is thinking and they can see it is wrong so they automatically think over everything he says to identify the truth in it. This is also shown with the two younger characters, who question Mr. Birlings views, this makes the audience trust them more as characters. Mr. Birling also tells about how much nonsense community is and how is should be abolished. This is the total opposite of the message of the play. This is signified by the entrance of the inspector as soon as Mr. Birling finishes his speech on 'every man for himself'

"Community and all that nonsense …a man has to look after himself and his own, and…"

"We heart a sharp ring of a front door bell."

As the inspector enters the lighting changes form a pink and intimate scene to a hard, harsh lighting situation after the inspector is present. This has a reaction format he audience because it signifies a point of change in the play. A break up of the family starts to appear after that point. The intimate situation is quickly changed to a more questioning and suspicious environment. The comfortable condition of the lighting before the inspector enters signifies that they were just settling down to the stage where the slightest things could catch them out. As soon as the conditions are changed shows how unnerved the characters are that the inspector is here, interfering with their peaceful organized lives.

The ring of the doorbell signifies the start of this change. It throws the Birlings off track; it is not a part of their scheduled lives so they are automatically disturbed by it. This effects the audience in the sense that they want to see what is about to happen. It creates a certain amount of suspense. It also announces the introduction of a new character. The inspector.

This affects the other characters greatly. Mr. Birling instantly tries to show the inspector that he is the man of the house, to try and make the inspector believe that. He tries to show the inspector all his assessments, name dropping, effectively trying to out do him. However the inspector is not interested. This surprises Mr. Birling. Especially when the inspector counteracts him and when the Inspector challenges his role of the dominant male in the house, Birling gets very angry.

"Birling Nothing to do with you Sheila, now run along."

"Inspector No wait a minute Miss Birling"

This immediately makes Mr. Birling very angry as he is being challenged for the first time, for his dominant status in the household. Slowly the Inspector is turning into the more dominant and respectable male in the house. The two younger characters instantly respect the inspector because they don't show any resistance against him in questioning. Unlike Mr. and Mrs. Birling they take up the message he is trying to put across and try to respect it, not just dismiss it out of principal. However they still all feel intimidated with a higher-powered figure in their household. Mr. Birling knows that the inspector has a higher status but he won't accept it.

Many of the characters exit at certain points in the play to make it more interesting. Just as the inspector comes to the point in which he is questioning Gerald, he leaves so Sheila can explain to Gerald that the inspector is a powerful figure and will just break down barriers if they are put in front of him. If Gerald started lying to him then he would just break down to the truth and put Gerald in a worse position. This lets the audience see how the inspector influences the characters, that the younger ones are admitting what they feel and that Mr. and Mrs. Birling just keep it locked inside them. Gerald is at the stage where he does not know which path to take, so this exit of the inspector allows Sheila to try and bring him to the level where he admits that he has done wrong. That he will listen to the message that Priestley is trying to show. This lets the plot generate into something more interesting because you can see how somebody is confused and does not know which path to take, this instantly becomes a point for the audience to watch so they can see what will happen to him, it creates suspense in the plot. At the end of this talk Sheila and Gerald have the inspector enters and says, "Well?" This shows that he purposefully left them. So that they could learn from themselves the message he is trying to give. Also the absence of Mrs. Birling during the opening parts of the play allows her to come in later and still be in a confident mood, when everybody else is regretting what they have done. This makes the play less boring and keeps the audience tense at all times and keeps them watching with interest.

The end of act one is a small cliffhanger. It ends with the inspector entering after Sheila and Gerald have had the talk about how the inspector will just break down any walls they try to build up around themselves. This leaves the audience tense and on the 'edge of their seats' waiting to see what Gerald will say to the inspector. This is good because the audience is not kept bored when the act ends. They have things to think about, to contemplate and discuss. This is always better because the different audience members can show their different viewpoints to each other straight away, as soon as the act ends. This leaves everybody with anticipation to see what will happen further into the play, so they can see if they were right if their viewpoints towards the play were relevant. All in all it keeps the audience interested. The irony used at the end symbolises that most of at one is actually ironic in retrospect.

The irony used helps the audience decipher what kind of play it is. That it is a drama that requires thinking about. People only realise that most of act one is ironic if they actually think about what has been shown so far. They realise that Mr. Birling has been talking about how every man should look after himself and nobody else, then the inspector has come in and shown that he is wrong. The audience only realises this if they think about what the inspector is actually trying to tell the Birlings. This makes the audience think about the message more, that they can learn from it.

Language used is to break up the family. The younger two have more relaxed speech; they are not so posh as Mr. or Mrs. Birling. It breaks up the social class in the family again showing how one side of the family takes the message one way, also how the younger half take the message in the way Priestley wants them too. Devices are used so you become friendlier with Sheila and Gerald than you do with the two older adults. These devices are shown through many ways, including the language, where Mr. and Mrs. Birling would be too upper class for you to respect and listen too.

"Mrs. Birling I don't suppose we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class…" "Sheila Mother don't … for your own sake"

Through all of these devices Priestley's message can be shown to the audience. The main way to show this is through the way in which the inspector influences the younger characters. You slowly come to respect the three younger characters a lot more that the older two characters. From the start you look at the Birlings as an upper class family who are just enjoying a good night together. As soon as the inspector enters they both spilt into two different sections. The younger ones who listen, and the older ones who don't. Your opinion changes rapidly of Mrs. Birling as she is shown to be the most upper class person there, with a slight disgust at her attitudes towards other people who do not have the same social status as her. Mr. Birling is not as upper class, but as you see how his attitudes are towards treating lower class in the workplace you come to take a disliking to him also. With Sheila and Eric you become more respectful, as you transfer your respect you had for the older Birlings to them. They admit what they have done is wrong and are distraught by it. They instantly get a sympathy factor from the audience as Mr. and Mrs. Birling doesn't. This involves the audience in what he is trying to say. They become more in touch with the emotions of Sheila and Eric, as they have not built a wall around them and what they feel. You can relate to them well. With Mr. and Mrs. Birling you cannot see through the wall around them and do not know what to think about them. You cannot relate as well as you would like, so you come to dislike them. These devices are all used to show what the playwright's message is. That every one of us is in a link with every body else. Anything we do in life affects those around us, even if we don't realise this. This message is put across well to the audience in the above methods. The several methods mean that the message will make sense to more people. Where in some areas somebody does not see a message, in the same area some people might. This lets the writer reach the majority of people watching the play. This can still be seen to today as a relevant message. As not everybody is perfect and still people continue to hurt one another, maybe without realizing it. Some people do things to others that they think is a joke, but to the other person it could be hell. Some people don't realize that they are hurting the other. This ties in with the message that Priestley is trying to show, that you can hurt somebody without realising it. Even without fully knowing somebody you can hurt them, even if you don't mean too.

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