Cross Functional Teams

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Part A Types of Teams

Cross Functional Teams

Describe the team and what makes it unique?

Cross-functional teams are "a group of people with a clear purpose representing a variety of functions or disciplines in the organization whose combined efforts are necessary for achieving the team's purpose. The team may be permanent or ad hoc and may include vendors and customers as appropriate" . There are two main characteristics that make cross-functional teams the unique. The first is that, team members are all from different departments of the company. Having group members come from different backgrounds allows the team to have a miscellany of experience and distinct levels of knowledge. Another thing that makes cross-functional teams unique is that they are able to work separate from the company management, and are often allowed to make their own decisions and implement their own ideas .

When is it appropriate to use the team?

It is appropriate to use a cross functional team when a company needs to solve a problem that impacts multiple levels of its business operations. The team can be used when a company is trying to either improve or coordinate work processes or activities, which cross organizational and departmental lines. The team is also used when a company has a problem to solve that requires a wide variety of knowledge and skills. The varied knowledge of these members allows for greater depth in these areas as well . Cross-functional teams "seem to be most effective in companies with fast-changing markets, such as the computer, telecommunications, and similar industries that value adaptability, speed, and an intense focus on responding to customer needs" .

What are the Advantages of this form of team?

With cross-functional teams you are able to reduce the time that a product spends in the developmental phase. This is important for companies with fat changing markets, such as computer, telecommunications, etc, which require fast changes to complete with similar companies. Cross-functional teams provide the framework for bringing team members from different fields of work with different knowledge and experience together. Cross-functional teams help you with customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is based on knowing your customers/ their needs and how your product or service can met those same needs. This team provides more innovation because you are bringing together people from different areas with different ideas. One final advantage's that a cross-functional team provides allow experts to share their knowledge with others. This exposure to different experts gives the individual an opportunity to get a different perspective on the product or service the company provides.

What are Disadvantages of this form of team?

There are disadvantages to using cross-functional teams; one being, there tends to be confusion as to what authority a team has in decision-making and idea implementation. Two, there is difficulty in creating clear vision or direction for the project. A main problem is that management is not always kept up to speed and this results in information not being passed along the chain of command. Thus, when using a cross-functional team there is also the problem of providing proper evaluations by supervisors. This is because they are not able to see what their subordinates are doing within the team or how they are working with their fellow employees, which in turn effects rewards and recognition. This is due to fact that most companies have their rewards programs based on single individuals and not on team accomplishment. Finally, the biggest disadvantage is that the team may from its team members bring their potential negatives attitudes towards other departments into the group. This can lead to inter-group conflict and decreased productivity .

Is Leadership Important?

Leadership is very important when using a cross-functional team. The team leader must select employees that have the proper knowledge, skills, and experience giving the nature of the project. To complete the assigned task, he or she must also make sure that the team has clearly defined goals. A responsibility of the leader is to make proper training is available to all the team members . Furthermore, the leader must ensure that all team members are working cohesively and not trying to further any personal goals or agendas, as employees are coming from different department and may have different methods of completing tasks. Without clear guidance of a lead or the team will not be able to accomplish their objective.

What companies have successfully used this type of team?

As earlier stated, companies with fast-changing markets, such as computer and telecommunication industries, have the most success in using this type of team.. In 188, Motorola used cross-functional teams to take over experiments for process optimization. This resulted in having the project completed in less time and overall yields improved by 5%. Motorola also used cross-functional teams to install new equipment and the layout of a manufacturing area in record time . In 10, Cincinnati Milacron used cross-functional teams to develop a plastic injection molding machine in record time, at reduced cost and with increased functionality .

What are critical success factors when using this type of team?

One of the most important things that a cross-functional team needs to succeed is a good leader. A good cross-functional team leader must have knowledge about each field or department from which team members have been selected . This range of knowledge is vital and allows the team leader to properly assign task to team members. This enables the team to take full advantage of the diverse skills and knowledge that each team member brings to the table.

Studies have shown that many groups develop through five stages. The first of these stages is called "forming". This stage is characterized by uncertainty. "Storming", the next stage is one of intragroup conflict. The third stage "norming" is where close relationships and cohesiveness are developed. The fourth stage is "performing". This is where the group is fully functional and work is accomplished. The final stage "adjourning" only occurs in temporary groups. The major concern in this stage is wrap up activities as opposed to task performance .

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Censorship on internet

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Internet Censorship

The Internet consists of millions of networks all over the world interconnected

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through communication links. As the World Wide Web (WWW) grew, a large number of

people have become a part of the Internet. Finally, this period saw the beginnings of the

censorship of the Internet. The Internet contains all kinds of information and this also

includes material that some view as sexually explicit and obscene. With the growth of the

Internet, people had instant access to this material. Concerned that children could have

access to this material, numerous groups have called for prohibiting the flow of sexually

explicit or pornography on the Internet.

To make objectionable material less accessible to some audiences on the Internet,

a lot of Internet censorship softwares have been made since the year 15. The most

popular one is Cyber Patrol Filtering Software. It can be installed on your home computer

to limit access to Internet web sites which would be inappropriate for children. The

program is used by Acer, American Online, Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, Telecom New

Zealand, CompuServe, CTI, Prodigy, and many other ISPs. Many parents buy Cyber

Patrol to regulate their childrens access to the Internet. However, some cities are now

mandating that this software be put on library and public school computers. The next

software that has been made is called CYBERsitter. This is a similar program, which is

the property of SOLID OAK SOFTWARE. They claim to block only those sites which

focuse on topics such as adult or sexual issues, illegal activities, bigotry, racism, drugs, or

pornography. However, their behavior appears to differ remarkably from their claims.

Allegedly, they have requested that an Internet Service Provider remove the Peacefire

Site, an anti-censorship organization which is critical of CYBERsitter, and they also offer

no appeal process for sites that they block. The third one is Bess Filtering Service. They

are largely aimed at protecting school children by preventing their access to undesirable

sites. They state that over three milllion school children are protected, and that in an

average school district which has 50,000 site requests per day, that Bess blocks about

two requests per minute. Their systems are attractive to school administrators, because

there is no local software to update and maintain. The last software is called McAfee

Office. This package contains a Guard Dog program which filters dangerous,

pornographic, criminal and other Internet web sites. It prevents viewing of websites

containing any of the following words athame, Atlantis, book of shadows, Druid, magick,

Neo-pagan, New Age, occult, pagan, pentagram, Wicca, etc. It appears to discriminate

heavily against Neopagan web sites.

There are some organizations who assist to block objectionable material as well.

National Coalition for the protection of children & Families focuses on protecting

children and families from the harms of pornography and its messages. The organization

called Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) was also originally designed to help

parents and teachers control what children access on the Internet, but it also facilitates

other uses for labels, including code signing and privacy. The PICS platform is one on

which other rating services and filtering software have been built.

Sometimes, imperfect filtering software meant to protect children on the Web

prevents them from viewing valuable educational material. In a well-documented effort to

censor Internet materials a major computer on-line service attempted to filter out all sites

with objectionable words. The word breast became part of the list. Unfortunately, this

immediately impacted womens health discussion groups (breast cancer; breast feeding),

the exchange of favorite recipes which include chicken breasts and even fishing groups

called red-breasted bream, a type of sunfish. Even the name Pamela (as in Pamela

Anderson) tripped filtering software, which kept people from reading about any woman in

history who was named Pamela. Since the numbers 1 18 are used on web pages

that warn that users have to be 18 or 1 to enter the website, some filtering software

eliminated sites that used these numbers. But unfortunately again, these numbers appear

in many other contexts, including news stories on the websites of newspapers.

Then, should we support the Internet restriction? Parental control or filtering

software limit exposure to adult materials which may be considered pornographic or

harmful to children. The software can be easily installed on a personal home computer, or

some Internet service providers offer filtering as an option. Parental control software, such

as Cyber Patrol, CYBERsitter, Bess, or McAfee Office is designed to restrict Internet

access in several ways. First, the software will block access to web sites with

inappropriate materials for children by the software company. Most software will also filter

and restrict access to web pages based on key words such as sex. But it is essential

to recognize that filtering software cannot guarantee that children or other family members

will never see inappropriate material on the Internet. While blocking pornography and

explicit adult sexual material, the software may also block access to useful information

related to personal health issues and other topics. No systems are one hundred percent

effective. So before installing any filtering softwares, it is very critical to consider these

problems first.

As a result of beginning of Internet censorship, there is intense debate across the

country relating to the use of filtering software programs in libraries and schools. One side

feels children should not be exposed to pornography and other adult material found on the

Internet and support filtering. Those on the other side of the debate, including the

American Library Association want to protect the First Amendment rights of children on

the Internet.

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How has the Australian Government and media portrayed the refugee situation?

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The media has done a good job of letting us know how 'disruptive' the detainees in Woomera have been over the past few years. The Australian government has emphasised how well they're looking after Australians in the way that they have dealt with the "boat people situation". But no one has successfully enlightened most Australians about just how inhumanely their government has been treating asylum seekers who come to Australia's shores for refuge.

There are myths circulating regarding the refugee situation, as well as images and messages all over the press intended to influence us into believing that asylum seekers are terrorists. "Solutions" have been implemented by the Australian government which simply shift the problem to other countries, and policies have been created to deal with asylum seekers that aren't actually helping anybody - including Australians.

Among the many myths regarding the refugee situation, two of the most inaccurate are that boat people are queue jumpers and that asylum seekers are illegal. Not only are both statements incorrect, they are unjust.

For instance, refugees cannot be queue jumpers in countries that don't have queues to jump. For example, Iraq and Afghanistan don't have Australian diplomatic representatives in their countries. Hence there is no standard refugee process for these people to go through to have their applications considered. Also, under Australian and International Law, a person is allowed to make a pledge for asylum when they maintain that they are fleeing from persecution. Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy other countries' asylum from persecution.

Further more, asylum seekers are not illegal, as people who arrive on our shores without prior consent from the Australian government (or with false documents) aren't actually breaking the law. They are asylum seekers - a legal status under International Law. In fact, "illegals" are people who overstay their visas and the vast majority of these in Australia are from western countries, including nearly 5000 British tourists per year.

Not only has the Australian government and media led us to believe that asylum seekers are illegal, but they have also intentionally driven many Australians to suspect these people are terrorists. The government has taken advantage of the fact that the majority of asylum seekers over the past years have been from Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as the violence at Woomera.

There is no evidence to support claims that asylum seekers are in any way linked to terrorism. Last year just 11 out of nearly 1 000 people who sought asylum in Australia were rejected on grounds of character. Out of these 11 people, one was considered a security risk and he had come by air, not by boat. What Australians do need to be informed of is that the people who seek asylum on our shores are fleeing from terrorism, not trying to bring it to Australia. Also, isn't it obvious to Australians that true conditions in the Woomera detention center weren't brought to the public eye until detainees expressed their outrage by sewing their mouths together, going on hunger strikes, or by using other extreme measures?

The only "solution" the Howard government has attempted since 001 is the Pacific Solution. This strange plan involves sending asylum seekers without authorisation to neighboring countries such as Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and Nauru. Here they are detained until their positions are reviewed by Australian personnel and after what can take months or even years, Australia will decide if the applicants are worthy of a temporary visa to Australia. By diverting boats of asylum seekers to pacific islands in exchange for aid and money, Australia is sending out the wrong message. The only result of this "solution" has been that people who arrive on Australia's mainland without authorisation continue to be punished and cost the Australian people more.

The government needs to establish new policies to reduce the ethical and economic strain of refugees in Australia. Millions of Australian dollars are spent on new detention centers and we see the government spending more time and money in their battle to combat smuggling by punishing asylum seekers rather than punishing the smugglers themselves.

Australia agrees to receive 1 000 refugees annually, a relatively small number compared to world standards. Countries like Tanzania host one refugee for every 76 Tanzanians. Australia, on the other hand, receives one refugee for every 1 58 Australian. The Australian government is convincing us that we're being swamped by hordes of boat people, when in reality, 4 174 asylum seekers reached Australia while Iran and Pakistan each hosted over a million Afghani refugees in that same year (Debunking More Myths about Asylum Seekers, E. Rice & The School of Education, Australian Catholic University).

This is not to say that all Australians are blind to the refugee problem in Australia. Many suggestions for new policies have been brought forward which are not only more humane, but also cheaper. Two suggestions have been 'group housing' where community members host refugees in their own homes, or refugee families being placed with other asylum-seeking families in a government owned house. The cost for group housing totals around $5.70 per person per day, contrasting with detention centers which cost Australians $18 per person per day. Surely this is a more humane option, and cheaper too.

Unfortunately, thousands of Australians only have government directed media influences to sway their opinions on the refugee situation in Australia. This information that is frequently biased and inaccurate. Such myths lead Australians to believe that asylum seekers are queue jumpers or illegals, and not only are such options as the Pacific Solution a cop out by the Australian government, but are less humane and more expensive for us all.

56 words

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Tourism and Community Studies

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Tourism and Community Studies. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Tourism and Community Studies paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Tourism and Community Studies, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Tourism and Community Studies paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! The country community of Hawkesbury Valley, northwest of Sydney has a population of 65, 000 (www.hawkesburyvalley.com). The rich fertile floodplains stretching along the Hawkesbury River provided then, and still today, much of Sydney's fresh produce. Nestled among two of NSW's greatest national parks- the Blue Mountains and Wollomi National Park, the Hawkesbury has plenty of area for recreational activities from abseiling and canyoning for the adventurous to quiet bush walks or a paddle on the canoe for those who just wish to be close to nature.

There are plenty of holiday cabins, both on high areas of Bilpin and Kurrajong and on the tranquil riverfronts of Lower Portland, Wisemans Ferry, St Albans and Colo (www.hawkesburyvalley.com). Being one of Australia's earliest settlement areas, there are still a large number of heritage buildings left intact here, and a historical tour will take you right back in time of Governor Lachlan Macquarie. Tourists can also enjoy themselves by visiting the boutique wineries, where they may try some of the locall made chevre cheese, smoked goods and fresh fruits before settling down at one of the most extravagant guest houses or retreats (www.hawkesburyvalley.com)

There are plenty to do for families, like visiting the heritage farm or picnicking at one of the National Parks. Hawkesbury Valley is a place where nature and wilderness is still preserved by a proud community who will welcome you to truly Australian experience (www.hawkesburyvalley.com)

Located in the Hawkesbury River Valley, Hawkesbury City Council is the largest Local Government area in the Sydney Metropolitan area. Featuring beautiful sections of world heritage, Hawkesbury attracts a large number of tourists each year to its historic towns, five rivers and some of the states best National parks.

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According to the website [www.hawkesbury.nsw.gov.au] the Hawkesbury City Council's Mission Statement is "to protect and enhance the unique historical and environmental features of the Hawkesbury Region whilst encouraging planned development and providing services appropriate to the needs of the wider community".

The following are the goals of the Hawkesbury City Council

· To provide directly or on behalf of other levels of government, after due consultation, adequate, equitable and appropriate services and facilities for the community and to ensure that those services and facilities are managed efficiently and effectively;

· To exercise community leadership;

· To exercise its functions with due regard for the cultural and linguistic diversity of its community;

· To properly manage, develop, protect, restore, enhance and conserve the environment of the area for which it is responsible;

· To have regard to the long term and cumulative effects of its decision;

· To bear in mind that it is the custodian and trustee of public assets and to effectively account for and manage to assets for which it is responsible;

· To facilitate the involvement of Councillors, members of the public, users of facilities and services and Council staff in the development, improvement and co-ordination of local government;

· To raise funds for local purposes by the fair imposition of rates, charges and fees, by income earned from investments and, when appropriate, by borrowings and grants;

· To keep the local community and the State Government (and through it the wider community) informed about its activities.

City Council's Hawkesbury Economic Development Advisory Committee is focused on encouraging and facilitating sustainable economic and employment growth within the Hawkesbury Valley. The Committee comprises representatives from key local industries and organizations including agriculture and horticulture, Richmond RAAF, University of Western Sydney- Hawkesbury, health and community care, Hawkesbury Harvest and large businesses.

The Committee has identified the following industries as the key divers of economic and employment growth in the area and aims to build on this base (www.hawkesbury.nsw.gov.au)

Refer to appendix 1, page…

The committee addresses issues impacting on sustainable economic growth in the area including sustainability and securing access to water for agriculture and horticulture industries, the need for the continual upgrading of Windsor Road and other road networks, the Northwest Rail Link and the future of Richmond RAAF Base and defence and aviation industries within the area.

Leadership

Agriculture and Horticulture remain important industries in the Hawkesbury area. These form the basis of the regions emerging tourism industry. Over the last thirty years light industry estates has been established in the Hawkesbury and at the same time, small acre subdivisions have attracted many residents to the Hawkesbury (www.hawkesburyvalley.com).

Windsor, Richmond, South Windsor and North Richmond are the four major retail areas within the district. The Hawkesbury City Chamber of Commerce provides services to businesses outside these areas, whether they be retail , service based, professional or industrial (www.hawkesburyvalley.com)

"Hawkesbury City Chamber of Commerce is proud to take a seeding role in the community, initiating and supporting events until gaining their own momentum". (www.hawkesburyvalley.com) The Hawkesbury Jazz Festival is another community initiative, began with the help of the Chamber. Support for the festival has lead to the formation of the Hawkesbury Jazz Club, and this group will now stage the event. The Chamber of Commerce encourages and contributes to the creation of a monthly 'Calendar of Events', working with local media and organizations.

It is the ability and the greatest challenge of the Chamber to formulate and effective marketing strategy for the Hawkesbury to the rest of Western Sydney (www.hawkesburyvalley.com).

Over the past eighteen months, Hawkesbury City Chamber of Commerce has conducted a series of marketing seminars covering areas such as Telephone Protocol, Looking After Your People, Prospecting, Closing the Sale, and Communication (www.hawkesburyvalley.com)

Please note that this sample paper on Tourism and Community Studies is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Tourism and Community Studies, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Tourism and Community Studies will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Hello there

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on hello there. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality hello there paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in hello there, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your hello there paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! In Britain by 1850, democracy had begun to take on an effective face. However throughout the UK, equal representation did not exist, and it was the wealthy aristocracy that had any form of political power. Even in this elitist system there existed much corruption and bribery. Changing social attitudes lead to a series of acts being passed over the span of 80 years which would eventually lead to suffrage -the right to vote- for working class men, and eventually women, bar a few exceptions. In a true democracy in the purest sense of the word, there must be freedom of speech, regular elections, secret ballots and equality between genders and people. In he mid-nineteenth century, this was not the case. Historian Sydney Wood suggests that "the parliamentary system of the 150s was not democratic. It was not meant to be. Democracies were regarded as being at the mercy of the ignorant people unfit to possess power. It favoured the wealthy in a number of ways." Prior to the passing of the first reform act in 18, Britain's political system had not changed since the sixteenth century.

The First Reform Act of 18 increased the electorate from 45,00 to around 65,000. Every man owning property worth £10 (per annum) now had the vote. Prior to the Act's passing, there were no standard laws that said who could vote. Before the Act, there were two types of constituency; counties and boroughs. The passing gave rise to a greater number f MP's. The Act corrected some anomalies of the voting system, and it made the working class more politically minded.

William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli were politically competing for credit as to who lead to the passing of the 1867 Second Reform Act, in order to gain support of working class voters. It was seen by many in parliament that in order to coincide with social changes, the voting system had to be updated. With the passing of the vote, the electorate became around .5 million, with working class men from towns and cities allowed the vote. All householders with one year's residence got the vote, or those living in residence worth £1. Overall, one in three men got the vote. However, the vote was not yet afforded to those under twenty-one, or women. The constituencies were reorganised, and some smaller ones were disenfranchised. The greatest change that this Act made was granting vote to those who occupied the boroughs. Also, the increased electorate meant that the parties had to nationally organise themselves.

Before the Ballot Act was passed in 187, voting was carried out in the open, which meant that many votes were dictated by intimidation, bribery and corruption. The Act allowed voting to take place in private. The Third Reform Act of 1884/1885 gave the vote to working class men in rural areas, increasing the electorate to around 5 million. Still, around half of the male population was excluded. Those excluded included soldiers living in barracks, and sons still living at home. There was still no mention of women getting the vote.Cheap Custom Essays on hello there

The Representation of the People Act passed in 118 allowed all adult males over the age of twenty-one who had a six month residence to vote. A large step however, was giving women over the age of thirty (provided they were householders or university graduates) the vote. Plural voting, which had been a thing that took place among the aristocracy, was minimised to two, and even then applied only to university graduates. As a result of Suffragist pressure, women were on the same footing as men in local elections. The 18 Representation of the People Act finally put women on the same level as men in terms of voting, and the First-Past-The-Post system was confirmed. Historian Morrison feels that "As a consequence of the growing electorate, politicians were forced to abandon the nineteenth century principal of laissez-faire in favour of state interventionism."

Another criticism that can be aimed at British democracy in the mid-nineteenth century was the lack of fairness. Elections were held in the open, and so many people were bribed to vote for a candidate, or forced to. The passing of the Ballot Act in 187 changed all this, affording the voters to place their vote in secret. In densely populated areas the secret ballot made a difference. M Willis says "Since the passing of the Ballot Act we have never had the slightest trouble at any election that has taken place in London…" However, in the boroughs and counties where the populations were sparse, the boxes were still open to view, defeating the purpose of the Act.

In 188, the Corrupt and Illegal practises Act was passed, limiting the amount of money that a candidate could spend upon their election campaign.

Taking into account the rising number of voters, the second part of the Third Reform Act, The Redistribution of Seats Act reorganised the seats available, and increased the number of MP's in Scotland.

Before say, the passing of the First Reform Act in 18, often MPs were chosen by the wealthy landowners. Following the passing, and MP still had to own land. BY 1885, the number of MPs increased from 65 to 670, and universities still elected MPs, but using proportional representation, another of democratic governing. The 111 Act, which allowed MPs payment, was very important in making parliament more representative, because before this, only the wealthy could afford to be Mps, but this legislation meant that working class men could become MPs. The Parliament Act did truly alter the face of parliament.

The Parliament Act of 111 also changed something that before the act had been a large part of parliament. The House of Lords, whose positions were hereditary, lost much of their influence in terms of government spending and taxes. Instead, the decisions lay in the hands of the popularly elected House of Commons.

By the early 100's, there were three national parties to vote for. These were the Conservatives, the Liberals and Labour. Labour was a party that represented the working classes, Conservatives were middle/upper class, and Liberals were not unlike the Conservatives, but according to historian Henry Pelling "In small towns and country villages the ministers and the lay preachers were the backbone of Liberal strength." The introduction of the Labour party gave a party that the working class could support, giving them a voice in parliament.

Not only did the working class become better represented, they became more aware of politics and their country, as a result of social advances. Access to information nationwide had improved. In 1870 in England and 187 in Scotland, education acts were passed, which required children to attend school. This act also led to the development of libraries in many communities.

The building of nationwide railway lines meant that tabloid newspapers came into existence since news could now travel across country with ease. Railways also meant that MP s could freely travel over the country, making speeches. In this way, the people were far more aware of current events in the world of politics.

Party agents were paid to organise publicity. These agents worked alongside branch associations. They were places where drinks were served and billiards played. Their purpose was to boost morale and increase support, as well as provide volunteers. In the Liberal parties, one of these branches grew and expanded into the National Liberal Federation in 1887. This branch served as a radical challenge to Whig leadership within the party. There was a similar branch that existed in the Conservative party The Conservative Central Office. Unlike the NFL though, it mainly followed the orders of the party leadership. In 1881, the Primrose league was formed, and it seemed invaluable in maintaining party support. H Pelling observes that this support came from "…the visit to village feasts, the chat in the village schoolroom, or pleasant friendly musical evenings in the winter." In other words, providing such hospitality and warmth to the constituents kept support. The massive increase in the electorate called for this parry organisation to exist.

It can be strongly argued that in Britain by 18, democracy had indeed been widely achieved. There was gender equality in terms of voting rights, for those over the age of twenty-one. There were regular elections, and voting was now free of corrupt activity, due to a secret ballot. MPs were now paid, enabling working class to be able to afford to enter into the House of Commons. There was a range of parties to choose from, and electoral districts were reasonable in size as well as roughly equal to each other. The House of Lords had far less influence over taxation and government spending. The various acts had improved the face of British democracy.

However, there were still flaws in the system. Those in the House of Lords got their position mainly by inheriting it, rather than voting. The basic democratic principal of 'one man, one vote' was still not truly enforced, since university graduates were entitled to two votes. Women, whilst having equal voting rights as men, still did not have social equality. They had received far lower wages than men did, and many careers were restricted, since it was still seen as a woman's duty to tend to domestic life. Finally, in relation to the electoral system -such as the benefits of proportional representation over first-past-the-post- still remained unsolved, and mainly not addressed. Donald Morrison suggests that "The development of liberal democracy had been slow and piecemeal. The system which had evolved by 18…had in place most of the apparatus necessary to satisfy the democratic aspirations of the nation. Nevertheless, the essence of a democracy is that of a system of government which promotes and encourages political change from below. Thus issues such as electoral reform, devolution and the promotion of equality continue to be debated…as part of our ongoing democratic political culture."

It can be concluded that by 18, Britain was not purely a democracy; however, the acts and reforms that were passed over the decades prior had aided in bringing Britain close to it.

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Haunted HOuse

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Haunted HOuse. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Haunted HOuse paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Haunted HOuse, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Haunted HOuse paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! A little while ago, my family moved from Pennsylvania to a house in Maryland. The house was on a hill and very secluded from the rest of the town. It was perched upon the very top of a hill and had a black gate guarding it. When we moved, the previous owners had given us some background history on the house. They told us that over 0 years ago a baby had been born in my parents' room, and that there had also been a death in the house, but forgot to tell us where.

The house was large, beautiful, but naturally very noisy. The stairs creaked loudly when we walked up them, and the air leaked through the parched wood of the floorboards, walls, and windows making an eerie whistling sound. The house was very hollow, so there was a lot of echoing. My room was all the way downstairs though, so I didn't have to worry about that as much. Other than that, the house seemed like the average Victorian house in Venoiro County.

By the time I moved out of the house, I had my share of strange occurrences. After about a year of living in that house, I had found out that it wasn't as normal as I had first suspected. I'm pretty sure there were at least 10 ghosts living in that house. Each of them had very unusual habits. While my dad was working he sometimes liked to listen to the radio, obviously so did the ghosts. Sometimes we would be woken in the middle of the night by loud blasts of music from the radio in the office if my dad had forgotten to unplug the radio before going to bed. Or when we'd come back to the house after being on a vacation we'd find the radio to be on. But that was only one of the peculiar habits the ghosts had.

Not only was the radio always being turned on, but the toilets would flush randomly, the sinks would turn on, and alarm clocks would go off at any given time. My dog Casey would go crazy barking at nothing sometimes, but when my mother would turn on the lights, she would stop. None of us knew what to think of these events, so we just tried to ignore them most of the time. Although we never admitted it, I knew that we all figured that ghosts were the cause of the chaos in our house.

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For years my youngest brother Marshall had lived in the large room in the tower. By the time he turned he told us he didn't want to live there anymore because he didn't feel comfortable. I assumed that the reason for his discomfort had been the fact that he felt isolated from the rest of the family. With this is mind I took the opportunity to move into the new room, since I really enjoyed having my privacy.

The first night I slept in that room, the cold drafts from the windows told me I should have brought an extra blanket. It felt even weirder in the tower room than any other room in the house. I woke up several times at night barely able to breathe, with my blankets wrapped tightly around me. I would see shadows lurking outside out of the corner of my eye, but whenever I would look directly at them, they would disappear. My brother used to tell me that at night whenever he would get up to go to the bathroom or put on a sweatshirt he would fell somebody poking at his sides, now I knew what he was talking about.

So that's how the first few nights in my new room went. I decided to try a few more nights before I said anything to my parents. So the next night I sleep with layers of long sleeved shirts on and only a small blanket to avoid being woken up wrapped tightly in my blankets and being unable to breathe. I unplugged all the appliances in my room so that they could not miraculously turn on at night, and I put down all the shades so the shadows outside wouldn't disturb me. Although I had done everything I could I was still awoken early in the morning. I'm not sure what made me wake up, but once I did I couldn't fall back asleep.

I walked down the creaking steps grasping the railing firmly to make sure I didn't fall. I flicked the light switch on and tiptoed toward the cabinet with the tea ingredients. Once I had made myself some tea I quickly clambered toward the dining table to drink. My family had gotten the recipe for the tea from the people who used to live in the house. They said it had been an old recipe of their grandmothers.

I drank the first cup of tea briskly and decided to make some more. I was just about to pour in the last ingredient, when I felt something as cool as ice rest on my shoulder; it sent chills through me. Just to the right of me was an old ghastly woman with short white hair and wrinkling face. She had a friendly smile and reached out to grab the teacup. Her brittle fingernails scraped against the back of my hand. She was dressed in old Victorian period clothing, and had yellow teeth. She also had a locket on which had been engraved the initials JRS.

I quickly ran up the stairs and into my room to try and fall asleep. I don't remember what happened afterwards, but when I awoke in the morning I still had scratches on the back of my hand from the woman's fingernails. I ran down the stairs from the tower to find my mother and Marshall at the dining table having cereal, and my father sweeping something up on the other side of the room. When I asked him what he was sweeping up, he told me that he had found one of our teacups shattered on the floor this morning. After I heard this I told my whole family what had happened with me last night.

They made me tell them every little thing that I remembered from last night. We ended up writing to the local newspaper about our house. A few weeks after the newspaper had been published we received a call from the former owners of the house. They gave us some pretty interesting information. Many people had died in the house, they said, and that was probably the reasoning behind the appliances seeming to have minds of their own. The woman, they said, whom I had seen that night was their grandmother, she had died in the kitchen over 50 years ago of a heart attack. They knew it was their grandmother when they read the part in the story about the locket initialing JRS, because they said she never took that locket off. It had been her mother's, whose name was Jane Renee Smith. When a ghost expert got a hold of my story he told me that the reason her ghost had showed up was most likely because ghosts tend to show up when you are doing something that was considered their responsibility. In this case, the grandmother still thought that the making of the tea was still her responsibility. About 5 months after we got the reasons for the story straight, our house was sold. We didn't tell the new owners of our experiences, we figured it'd be better if they found out about them for themselves.

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Stress through generations

If you order your cheap term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on stress through generations. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality stress through generations paper right on time. Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in stress through generations, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your stress through generations paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Did you ever wonder if your parents had as much stress as you have today? Well I have always questioned that many times. I decided to ask my mother and my father, to see if they faced as much stress as I feel. I wanted to know what activities did they do in school, if they had a job throughout high school and what stressed them out. I got the facts and what their opinion was about stress on teenagers today.

I first decided to ask my father his opinion and I asked him what kind of things stressed him out in high school. My father felt that he didnt have any stress. My dad worked only in the summer time his junior and senior year of high school. He worked about 10 hours a week and loved his job and the people he worked with. He was very social and had many friends. The only thing that may have stressed him out a little was getting good enough grades so he could participate in football, wrestling, and baseball. I was very surprised he felt as if he had no stress or worries. My dad had no big plans to go to college so grades and getting enough money for college was not an issue for him. My dad feels that teenagers today have way more stress then he ever had. He feels that teenagers today are dealing with a lot of the same pressure, as adults are already in High school.The second person I decided to ask was my mother. My mother had more stress throughout High school. My mother was a top athlete playing basketball, running track, and the captain of the ski team, which she organized. My mom also played in the band. She said it became stressful trying to balance school work, sports, practicing her instrument, and trying to keep up with her social life. My mother and father were together in high school. My mom was an excellent student and she really worked hard for good grades so she could leave and go to college. My mom wanted to leave her hometown and live in the city; she didn't want to stay in a small town like my father did. My mother after High school had to make the decision between going to college and living in the city or marrying my father and staying back in their hometown. My mom also feels that teenagers today are dealing with a lot more stress then she ever had to deal with in High school. My mom feels that teenagers today are pressured to make huge decisions at an early age. She feels that there is a lot more pressure to go to college, get a job to get money to buy the new things that everyone "must have" like cell phones, and the popular clothes. My mother feels that things like that were not such a huge issue when she was in high school. From interviewing my parents I think that what stressed them out the most in their generation was getting decent grades, playing sports, relationships, and avoiding drug use which was becoming more popular.

I also interviewed my grandmother. My grandma says that she knows for a fact that teenagers today are dealing with a lot more stress then she ever had to deal with. When she was in high school all she really worried about was getting a good grade on an important test. My grandmother said she never had any worry about finding a job in high school. She said she had a very care free life. She loved spending time with friends. I agree with her opinion, back in her generation, students in high school were not worried about getting enough money to pay for college or cell phones. Cell phones were not available; gas money was not an issue because gas wasn't expensive like it is now. Things were just a lot easier and more relaxed back when she was in high school

In my opinion I think that teenagers today are very stressed out. Grades in school are a lot more crucial these days. Getting good grades can get you into a good college. Going to college these days is almost a must. Many teenagers are stressed out with activities going on in their lives like sports, after school clubs, jobs, and many other things. Every year colleges are looking for more things, they want a student to be well rounded and in order for someone to be well rounded it seems you need to be in after school clubs, sports, and other activities. All these things take time and it can really take a toll on someone when they have no time to rest between school and their activities. Money is also a very big stress with teenagers. Freshman in High school are finding jobs already. Teenagers want all the new clothes, and they want cell phones, and they want their own cars. All this costs money, so many teenagers are putting in long hours or work so they can pay for college tuition and fun things like cell phones, cars, etc. Relationships in high school also can take its toll on teenagers. The pressure for teenagers to do drugs and alcohol is around them all the time. Teenagers are to make decisions that could affect their future. The pressure to have sex in high school is a lot greater I think. Waiting until you are married sounds crazy to most teenagers and college students in this generation. I only know of two girls who are my friends that still remain virgins. Many girls I know are depressed because they were used or are very regretful. I feel a lot of pressure to get good grades so I can get into a good college. I feel that sometimes I am to overwhelm with homework. I work at Lifetime fitness hours a week. I get really stressed out trying to go to school 7 hours, getting a half hour break then going to work for another 7 hours. Sometimes I will get upset when teachers give lots of homework because I get stressed out when I don't have enough time to complete the work. I am very active outside of school and in school with sports. I think it's very difficult to find an equal and healthy balance between it all. Grades, jobs, A.C.T.S, sex, relationships, diseases, pregnancy, smoking, drinking, or the decisions of whether to study for that test or spend time with your friends are all big stresses teenagers face today.Cheap Custom Essays on stress through generations

I feel that this assignment was very useful and helped me communicate with my parents and grandmother. I think it gave me some comfort that my parents do admit that I have more stress then they did and I now feel a little better about how they feel. I was surprised how strongly my parents felt about the large amount of stress that teenagers today are dealing with. I am glad that they understand. I still feel pressure to please them and keep up with this fast paced generation. I think as time goes on its just going to be more stressful for each generation. This assignment helped my really think about all the stressful things that I do deal with and how maybe I could look at it from a different angle and try to find some ways to help myself out so I will not find myself so stressed out all the time. I have realized I need to find time to relax and slow down a little. I really enjoyed this assignment though it took some time and stressed me out even a little bit because I needed time to get it done

Please note that this sample paper on stress through generations is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on stress through generations, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college papers on stress through generations will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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